Uma wakha i-PC noma uthuthukisa ekhona, kuvamile ukuzibuza ukuthi iyini ngempela imemori yehluzo ( i-VRAM) nokuthi kungani ezinye izingxenye zineziningi kunezinye. Kalula nje, i-VRAM yindawo yokugcina eshesha kakhulu esetshenziswa yikhadi levidiyo ukuphatha konke okubonayo esikrinini, kusukela kudeskithophu ye-Windows kuya emidlalweni edinga kakhulu i-ray-traced.
Ukuba nesixazululo sehluzo esihlanganiswe kuprosesa akufani nokuba nekhadi lehluzo elizinikele, futhi yilapho umehluko wangempela ukhona. Ngenkathi abanye bethembele ku-RAM yesistimu , abanye beza nenkumbulo yabo ezinikele, okwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekubushelelekeni kwesithombe.
Iyini ngempela inkumbulo yezithombe?
Imemori yezithombe, noma i-VRAM, uhlobo lwememori olulungiselelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini sombani. Inhloso yalo ukugcina idatha i-GPU edinga ukuyicubungula ngokushesha, njengokuthungwa okunesisombululo esiphezulu noma i-geometry yezinto. Ukuze ikunike umbono, i-VRAM ku-GPU iyini i-RAM ku-CPU : indawo lapho ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze "ubuchopho" bezithombe busebenze kahle khona lugcinwa khona.
Ezweni lamakhadi ehluzo azinikele, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zememori ezifana ne-GDDR6 noma i-GDDR6X , ezishesha kakhulu kune-RAM evamile. Lezi zinkumbulo zisebenza kumabhasi edatha abanzi kakhulu, angafinyelela kumamodeli aphezulu afinyelela kuma-bits angu-512, okuvumela i-bandwidth enkulu kakhulu . Lokhu kuvimbela uhlelo ukuthi "lunamathele" lapho luveza ukuthungwa okusindayo, into evame ukwenzeka ezinqumweni ze-4K.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-GPU ahlanganisiwe nazinikele
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Ama-GPU ahlanganisiwe, akhelwe ngaphakathi kweprosesa, ngokuvamile awanawo imemori yawo ezinikele. Ngakho asebenza kanjani? Amane "antshontshe" ingxenye ye -RAM yesistimu ukuze ayisebenzise njengememori yehluzo. Lokhu kuveza izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu: okokuqala, i-RAM yesistimu ihamba kancane kune-VRAM ezinikele, kanti okwesibili, uma une-RAM engu-8 GB futhi ikhadi lehluzo lisebenzisa i-2 GB kuphela, uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusala ne-6 GB kuphela esele.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhadi ehluzo azinikele eza nememori yawo ye-GDDR6 ezimele . Lokhu kusho ukuthi awathinti i-RAM iyonke ye-PC futhi anikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu. Ngisho namamodeli asezingeni lokuqala ngokuvamile anememori engu-4GB, kuyilapho izinhlelo eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezinhlelo eziphezulu zisebenzisa amabhasi ememori angu-128, 192, noma ngisho angu-384-bit ukuze andise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-GPU nememori yayo.
Ikhadi lehluzo lisebenza kanjani ngaphakathi?
Uma sifuna ukuqonda ama-brass tacks, inhliziyo yakho konke yi-GPU. Ngokungafani ne-CPU, enama-core ambalwa anamandla kakhulu, i-GPU inezinkulungwane zama-core amancane asebenza ngokulingana. Leli butho lama-core licubungula izinkulungwane zama-pixel ngesikhathi esisodwa bese liwathumela ku-VRAM, bese lidlulisela ulwazi ku-RAMDAC ukuze i-monitor ikwazi ukubonisa isithombe.
Inqubo ihlukaniswe ngokuyisisekelo ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Okokuqala kuza ukucubungula i-vertex , lapho kubalwa khona indawo kanye nokujikeleza kwezinto esikhaleni. Bese kuza ukucubungula amaphikseli , lapho kuchazwa khona imibala yokugcina kanye nemininingwane oyibonayo.
Izici ezibalulekile: Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo, Imvamisa, kanye ne-VRAM
Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuyipulani ye-chip. I-NVIDIA inemindeni yayo efana ne-Ada Lovelace ne-Ampere, kuyilapho i-AMD isebenzisa i-RDNA. Lo mklamo unquma ukuthi mangaki ama-core okucubungula ikhadi anawo nokuthi imemori ifinyelelwa kanjani, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye namandla aluhlaza.
Okulandelayo, sinemvamisa, okuyijubane lewashi elilinganiswa nge-MHz. Kunezigaba ezintathu: imvamisa eyisisekelo (yemisebenzi elula), imvamisa yomdlalo (isilinganiso ngenkathi udlala), kanye nemvamisa yokukhulisa (isilinganiso esiphezulu). Ngokupholisa okuhle, ikhadi lingagcina imvamisa ephezulu isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile.
Umhlahlandlela womthamo we-VRAM osuselwe ekusetshenzisweni
- 4 GB noma ngaphansi: Zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi, imidiya ehlukahlukene, kanye nemidlalo elula kakhulu noma emidala.
- 6 kuya ku-8 GB: Kuyindlela ejwayelekile yamanje yokudlala ku-1080p kanti ezinye izihloko ku-1440p ngezilungiselelo eziphakathi nendawo.
- 10 GB noma ngaphezulu: Kubalulekile ukudlala imidlalo nge-4K, ukusebenzisa ukulandelela ama-ray, noma ukuhlela amavidiyo ochwepheshe.
Umqondo wokusebenzisa izinto zokuvimbela ukuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwangempela
Ngezinye izikhathi uvula umphathi wemisebenzi bese ubona ukuthi umdlalo "usebenzisa" i-12 GB ye-VRAM, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kungama-8 GB kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwabiwa kwangaphambili . Umdlalo ugcwalisa amabhlogo ememori ngedatha ongase uyidinge ukuze usebenze kahle, noma ngabe awuwasebenzisi wonke ngaleso sikhathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwememori , okuyinani eliphansi elidingekayo ukuvimbela uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthi lungashabalali.
Uma weqa umkhawulo wakho we-VRAM, uzoqala ukuqaphela izinkinga ezicasulayo: ukwehla kwe-FPS ngokuzumayo (ukungingiza), ukuthungwa okubonakala nokunyamalalayo (ukuvela), noma ikhwalithi yokubuka ephakathi ngisho nezilungiselelo eziku-"Ultra." Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, ikhambi eliphumelela kakhulu ukwehlisa ikhwalithi yokuthungwa , njengoba ukuthungwa kudla inkumbulo eningi.
Umthelela Wokulandelela Nokukhulisa Ama-Ray
Ukuvumela ukulandelela imisebe kuyamangalisa ngokubona, kodwa kwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-VRAM . Uma unezinqumo eziphezulu, kungadingeka uthuthukise kusuka ku-8 GB uye ku-12 noma ngisho no-16 GB ukuze ulondoloze ukuzinza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne -DLSS, obusebenzisa i-AI ukuthuthukisa ihluzo, buyasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwememori ngokunikeza isithombe ngesinqumo esiphansi bese sikhushulwa usebenzisa i-AI.
Qaphela nge-Frame Generation, njengoba lobu buchwepheshe budala i-data buffer eyengeziwe , ekhulisa kancane ukusetshenziswa kwememori yehluzo. Uma usuvele une-VRAM encane, ukwenza lokhu kungaba yingozi futhi kubangele ukungingiza uma ungakhululi isikhala ngokunciphisa ezinye izilungiselelo.
Izinhlelo zokupholisa namafomethi
Njengoba ama-GPU ekhiqiza ukushisa okuningi, uhlelo lokupholisa lubalulekile. Ukupholisa okusebenzayo ngamafeni kuvamile kakhulu, kanti ukupholisa okungasebenzi (okusebenzisa i-aluminium kuphela) kwenzelwe izinhlelo ezithule, ezinamandla aphansi. Kwabathandi, kukhona ukupholisa okuketshezi , okusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi okuvumela ukunqwabelana ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Ngokuphathelene nosayizi, sinezinhlobo ze -Mini-ITX zamakesi amancane, amamodeli ajwayelekile anabalandeli ababili, kanye namamodeli ama-monster anabalandeli abathathu. Lawa anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, kodwa qaphela ubukhulu bekesi lakho , ngoba uma ungalingani kahle, ikhadi ngeke lilingane.
Ukuba nenkumbulo yehluzo eyanele kanye nesivinini sebhasi esihambisanayo yikho okuvumela i-GPU ukuthi ifinyelele amandla ayo aphelele. Kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukudlala imidlalo nge-1080p, ukuhlela nge-4K, noma umane uphequlule iwebhu, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-GPU ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa i-RAM yesistimu noma enikezelwe nge-GDDR6 kuzokwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho okubushelelezi kanye nokugcwala okungathinti kahle.