Kube nezinkathi eziningi ezinezindlela zazo zobuciko ezahlukene kanye nezinyathelo zamasiko, nokho uma kukhona eyodwa evelele kakhulu kunezinye ezizungezile ngokungangabazeki yimfashini eyayichaza iminyaka yawo- 1960.
Inkululeko, ubuciko, ukuvukela, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwaphawula ukuvela kwesitayela sango-1960. Kwakuyinkathi yoshintsho kwezenhlalo, kwezepolitiki, kanye namasiko olwalubonakala endleleni abantu ababegqoka ngayo, ababelungisa ngayo izinwele zabo, begqoka izimonyo, futhi behlobisa amakhaya abo. Ubuciko be-pop, i-rock and roll, ukunyakaza kwama-hippie, i-psychedelia, ifilimu, ithelevishini, kanye nesayensi eqanjiwe kumane nje kungenye yezindlela eziningi nezitayela ezakha isitayela sango-1960.
Umsuka wesitayela samashumi ayisithupha
I-United Kingdom yilapho isitayela saqala khona ngawo-1960, silandela izimpande zaso kubaklami abafana noMary Quant , owathanda isiketi esincane, noJohn Stephen , owathanda isitayela se-mod ngamasudi aso afanele, amahembe anentamo ende, namabhuzu. Abantu abafana noTwiggy , i-supermodel yokuqala emhlabeni, kanye neBeatles, abanezitayela zezinwele nezingubo ezishiye uphawu lwabo emculweni nasemfashinini, nabo bavelele.
Isitayela sawo-1960 sasakazeka emhlabeni wonke futhi sazivumelanisa namasiko nezimo eziningi ezahlukene. Inhlangano yama-hippie , eyayiphikisana nokuthengwa kwempahla, iMpi yaseVietnam, futhi ikhuthaza uthando olukhululekile, ukuthula, kanye nemvelo, yaqala ukuvela e-United States. Ama-hippie ayegqoka izingubo ezikhululekile nezikhazimulayo ezihlotshiswe ngezimbali noma izimpawu zobuzwe. Ayesebenzisa nezinsiza ezifana namabhande ekhanda, amasongo, amasongo, kanye nemigexo enobuhlalu.
EFrance, kwenzeka imicimbi kaMeyi '68 , ukuvukela kwabantu abasha nabasebenzi ababephonsela inselelo isakhiwo sezenhlalo esikhona futhi bafuna amalungelo nenkululeko enkulu. I-French New Wave , eyahlukana nemithetho yokulandisa kanye nobuhle be-cinema yakudala, yaba umthombo wokuphefumulela abantu abasha baseFrance. Kulo mnyakazo, abadlali nabadlali babonisa isitayela semvelo, esilula, nesihle.
ESpain, umbuso kaFranco waphela kwaqala ukushintshela entandweni yeningi. Imfashini yaseSpain yanda emhlabeni wonke futhi yathonywa yizitayela zamazwe ngamazwe. Abaklami abanjengoManuel Pertegaz noPaco Rabanne bavelela ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Izithonjana zomculo namafilimu ezifana noRocÃo Dúrcal, uMarisol, noConcha Velasco nazo zavela.
Izici zesitayela samashumi ayisithupha
Isitayela samashumi ayisithupha sahlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu nokuhlukahluka. Ungasuka kalula ekubukekeni okusemthethweni uye kokungahlelekile. Izitayela ezahlukene zingahlanganiswa kuye ngesikhathi noma isimo. Okulandelayo ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesitayela samashumi ayisithupha:
- Sebenzisa imibala egqamile, ezikhangayo futhi eziphambene. Inhloso kwakuwukudonsela ukunaka nokudlulisa ithemba nenjabulo.
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwe amajamo wejometri njengemibuthano, izikwele kanye nonxantathu. Bagqugquzelwe ubuciko be-pop babaculi abafana no-Roy Lichtenstein no-Andy Warhol.
- Ukubaluleka kwamaphrinti, ikakhulukazi ezimbali, ezengqondo, ezinemigqa noma ezibhalwe ngezilwane. Umgomo wawuwukukhiqiza imiphumela emangalisayo futhi ejabulisayo.
- Nciphisa iziketi nezingubo: Babefuna ukukhombisa isikhumba esiningi futhi baphonsele inselelo izithiyo zomphakathi. Isiketi esincane saba uphawu lwenkululeko yabesifazane.
- Ukusetshenziswa izesekeli kanye complements njengezibuko zelanga, izigqoko, izikhafu, amabhande, izikhwama noma ubucwebe njengoba ubufuna ukwenza kube ngokwakho futhi uthuthukise ukubukeka.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinwele ezimangalisayo kanye ne-makeup: Babefuna ukuveza ubuntu nokugqamisa izici zobuso. I-mascara, i-eyeliner, i-eye shadow, i-blush ne-lipstick yayithandwa kakhulu. Izitayela zezinwele zingaba ziqonde noma zigoqene, zibe nama-bang noma ngaphandle, ngevolumu noma ngaphandle.
Izibonelo zesitayela samashumi ayisithupha
Izingubo eziningi zamanje nezesekeli eziphefumulelwe yile minyaka eyishumi zibonisa isitayela seminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- Ivest elilukiwe elinemithende. Engxenyeni yesibili ye-60s, kwakuyingubo ethandwa kakhulu. Ingagqokwa ngehembe elimhlophe, i-jeans kanye namabhuzu ukubukeka okungajwayelekile nokwakudala.
- Ingubo yebhokisi ehlotshiswe ngezimbali. Ingubo ene-cut straight, ngaphandle kwemikhono noma okhalweni. Ingahlanganiswa nezimbadada eziyisicaba noma izithende ukuze udale ukubukeka kwe-flirty nokwabesifazane.
- Ibhulukwe eline-psychedelic print. Yibhulukwe elivuleka emilenzeni libe lilungisa okhalweni nasezinqeni. Ingahlanganiswa nejacket lesikhumba, i-T-shirt ecacile nezibuko zelanga ukuze udale ukubukeka kwe-rocker okuhlubukayo.
- I-jumpsuit emfishane ehlotshiswe ngezilwane. Yingubo eveza izingalo ngenkathi imboze umzimba nemilenze kuze kufike emadolweni. Ingahlanganiswa nesikhwama se-wicker, isigqoko sotshani nama-sneakers ukuze udale ukubukeka okujabulisayo nokwehlobo.
Amathonya kweminye imikhakha
Emkhakheni we-cinema, iminyaka yama-1960 yavelela ngokusungula izinto ezintsha , indlela yokuhlola, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwayo. Kwavela izinhlobo ezintsha, amafomethi, kanye nezindlela zokwenza amafilimu. Kwahlolwa izingqikithi ezikhona, ezepolitiki, kanye nezenhlalo. Izindinganiso zaphikiswa, futhi kwaphulwa imithetho evimbelayo. Amanye amafilimu avelele kakhulu ngawo-1960 afaka phakathi u-2001: A Space Odyssey , uBonnie noClyde, iThe Graduate, kanye no-Easy Rider.
Umculo wango-1960 wawunobuciko , uhlukahlukene, futhi unezinguquko. Kwahlanganiswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomculo, okuhlanganisa i-rock, i-pop, i-folk, i-soul, ne-funk. Kwahlolwa izinsimbi zomculo ezintsha, imisindo, nemiphumela. Kwavezwa imiqondo emisha, imizwa, kanye nezidingo. UBob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, The Doors, noJimi Hendrix bangabanye babaculi abavelele kakhulu ngawo-1960.
Ubuciko bama-1960 babuyindlela yobuciko , buvusa inkanuko, futhi budlala. Kwasetshenziswa izinto ezintsha, amasu, kanye nemidiya yobuciko. Kwabuzwa imibono yombukeli, umbhali, kanye nobuciko uqobo. Kwafunwa ukusebenzisana, ukubamba iqhaza, kanye nokuxhumana. Ubuciko be-pop, ubuncane, ubuciko bomqondo, kanye nobuciko bokukhanya kungenye yezinyathelo zobuciko zangama-1960.
Ekugcineni, izincwadi zango-1960 zazigxeka, zihilelekile, futhi zivivinya . Kwahlolwa izindaba ezintsha, izitayela, kanye nezinhlobo zolimi. Kwabonakala ukukhathazeka kwezenhlalo, amasiko, kanye nomlando wangaleso sikhathi. Kwavela imibuzo yefilosofi, yokuziphatha, kanye nobuhle. UGabriel GarcÃa Márquez, uJulio Cortázar, uKen Kesey, noTruman Capote bangabanye bababhali abavelele kakhulu ngawo-1960.
Isitayela somlando
Iminyaka yama-1960 yayiyinkathi yokuguquka kanye noguquko oluphawulwa isitayela sama-1960. Lesi sitayela sahlukana nemikhuba nemigomo yangaphambilini , samukela inkululeko, ubuciko, ukuvukela kanye nokwehlukahluka.
Njengoba ubona, kwaba isitayela esathonya imfashini , kanye nezinye izindlela zokuveza amasiko njengefilimu, umculo, ubuciko, kanye nezincwadi, konke okwakubonakala ngokusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuhlola, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwazo. Njengoba kunezinketho eziningi kanye namathuba okuziveza kanye nokuxhumana, isitayela sama-1960 sisathandwa futhi singashintshwa ngokuvumelana nokunambitheka nezidingo zamanje. Isitayela sama-1960 sasiyinguquko yamasiko nemfashini eshiye umbono ohlala njalo emlandweni.