La ubuciko Ayinamingcele futhi abaculi bangakufakazela lokhu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwavela imisinga namasu ahlukahlukene ahlaba umxhwele. Enye yazo intuthu, lapho abaculi bedlala khona ngezimo ezinikezwe lutho futhi lutho olungaphansi kwentuthu. Iyini inqubo ye-fumage? Esihlokweni sanamuhla sizokutshela ngakho.
Inkululeko enikezwa yile ndlela entsha ingenye yezinto eziheha kakhulu ukunakwa. Abaningi babameleli bayo bashilo lokho ukungaqiniseki komphumela kungenye yezici zayo eziheha kakhulu. Umsebenzi ngamunye uhlukile futhi ukunika ithuba lokuzwa zonke izinhlobo zemizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezinto ezingasebenzisa lingamangalisa.
Iyini inqubo ye-fumage?
Lena indlela yokudweba yokudala ukuthi Njengesisekelo usebenzisa amabala omle ephepheni. Lo msizi usebenza njenge-pigment futhi wakhiwa ngokushisa ilangabi elibekwe ngaphansi kwephepha, okuphoqa umdwebi ukuba asebenze ebheke phezulu noma e-engeli ukuze imigqa yelangabi ibonakale futhi ilungiswe.
Kuyinto a inqubo ehlanganisiwe eyaqala ukunyakaza kwe-surrealist yekhulu lama-20. XXX. U-Wolfgang Paalen ungomunye wabaculi abasebenzisa le nqubo ukuze baxhumane nezingxenye ezindala kakhulu nezingokwemvelo. UDalí naye wayisebenzisa, ebizwa ngokuthi "sfumato." Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Wasebenzisa umule njengesizinda semboni yakhe kawoyela.
Ngokuvamile, i-canvas idalwe kusukela ekuqaleni ngomusi, bese-ke Amajamo aguqulwa ngokushaywa kwebhulashi neminye imibala. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezinjengamakhandlela, ama-blowtorches, amakhandlela kanye neziqhumane zomlilo ezincane. Kudingeka amabhulashi amalahle kuphela ukuze kulungiswe, nemibala edingekayo ukuze kuthintwa-ups, nakuba abaningi basebenzisa amabhulashi amanzi ukuyinika ithoni ehlukile.
Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziselwa le nqubo yentuthu?
Empeleni izinto zokwakha zimahhala njengoba umdwebi efuna zibe njalo. Lena indlela enzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuma okufanele kwamukelwe ukuwenza. Ukusekelwa kuhlale kungaphezu komlilo, ngakho-ke kufanele kulungiswe kusengaphambili futhi kusebenze ubuso bubheke phezulu. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukuyeka futhi uqhubeke nokusebenza esikhundleni somsebenzi esivamile.
Abanye abaculi Bapenda ngentuthu bese bependa futhi ngepeni noma ngebhulashi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona labo abakhetha ukukwenza nge-acrylic ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka intuthu. Abanye abaculi Basebenzisa izifanekiso ukudweba izingxenye ezithile kuphela zomklamo. Njengoba sesikutshelile, esinye sezici zale nqubo inkululeko eyinikeza umdwebi lapho edala.
Phakathi kwezinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo sithola amakhandlela nama-blowtorches. Yibo laba Bazokhipha intuthu ezoba yisisekelo somsebenzi wonke. Ukuze silolonge upende singasebenzisa ibhulashi lerabha, ama-bristles, nepeni. Imimese, ama-spatula, ama-scrapers, nama-punch nakho kungaba usizo. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukusebenzisa iphepha eliwugqinsi njengoba linikeza ukumelana okukhulu ukuvimbela ukushiswa.
Ziningi izinto zokulungisa esingazisebenzisa, lezi, njengoba negama lazo libonisa, zizosisiza ukuthi senze umsebenzi uqhubeke. Ungawathola ezimakethe ezikhethekile zamathuluzi afana namalahle, igraphite ngisho namafutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi Sine-spray fixatives, inconywa kakhulu kunama-lacquers ngoba ahlala isikhathi eside.
Obani abameleli abakhulu bale nqubo?
USteven Spazuk ungomunye wabaculi bomlilo abaqashelwa kakhulu futhi udale imisebenzi emihle esebenzisa le nqubo. I-Spaszuk ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izibalo ezingabonakali kanye nemininingwane emincane okuyinto ekugcineni ehlaba umxhwele. Njengabanye ochwepheshe abaningi bale nqubo, ukwazile ukwenza imisebenzi eyingqayizivele. Okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokungahleliwe yizona izici ezakha amaphethini ngayinye yazo.
Abaculi abafana noVictor Brauner, uSalvador Dali, uJerome Kamlovsky, uRoberto Matta, uBenjamín Palencia, uHugh Parker Giller, uRemedios Varró, u-Lee Bontecu, u-Alberto Burri, u-Kevin Jansons, u-Ivs Klein, u-Jānis Kounellis, uLucio Muñoz, u-Ladislav Pinet Nowaks, u-Adama Blackmore , Giorgio Ducoupil, Paul Curtis, Jim Dingilian, Rosemary Fiore, Javier Forio, Carmen UGrau, u-Etcer, u-Stone Mak, uJean-Paul Marchecki, u-Parmen Pereira, u-Yvonne Piner Kleiman, u-Fernando Pratt, u-Stephen Spazuk, no-Miguel Hernández nabo badale imisebenzi ehlaba umxhwele emele i-fumarage.
Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezifana fumage?
- Intuthu kagwayi: Lena enye indlela eyabelana ngokufana okuningi. Umdwebi uLuis Carlos Saavedra Salamanca ungomunye wabamele bayo. Kuyi-a u-exponent odale imisebenzi esebenzisa intuthu kagwayi. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intuthu kagwayi ayibhemi iphepha kakhulu njengekhandlela. Kepha inganemba kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwesu, ngakho-ke iyindlela enhle kakhulu.
- I-Smoke seal: Kuyindlela ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa ikhandlela. okufanayo Isetshenziselwa ukudala ukubhema okuhlukile kuwo wonke papel, futhi uthole usayizi omkhulu webala. Ngemuva kwalesi sinyathelo, uqaphele kakhulu ukuthi ungashiyi izigxivizo zeminwe ephepheni, isitembu sibekwe ephepheni elizokwenza umklamo owukhethile. Ngemva kokubeka uphawu njalo kunconywa ukuyilungisa. Ungumuntu ocophelelayo ongafinyelela imiphumela ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu.
- Intuthu yekhandlela ebhodleleni: Uchungechunge luka-Jim Dingilian lufaka uchungechunge lwamabhodlela engilazi abonisa ukubukeka kwezwe okukodwa. Imisebenzi kaDingilian Bahlukaniswa kweminye imisebenzi ngamasu abo, lapho ependa khona ngentuthu yekhandlela. Ngemva kokumboza izinhlangothi zamabhodlela ngongqimba lwe-soot, uwafaka ngezipikili nezinaliti ukuze enze izindawo ezichazwe kahle.
Inqubo ye-fumage ingenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba amabala e-soot ephepheni embula imicabango ejulile yombhali wayo. Iyini inqubo ye-fumage? Sithemba ukuthi esihlokweni sanamuhla ukucacisile konke ukungabaza kwakho. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kufanele sikhulume nganoma yini enye, sazise kumazwana.