Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ku-nitty-gritty, inothi lengqikithi: ungase uhlangabezane nezaziso zobumfihlo nekhukhi kwamanye amawebhusayithi ngenkathi uphequlula (isibonelo, izinkundla ezidumile zibonisa imilayezo yemvume). Lokhu akuhambisani nenqubo yobuchwepheshe osuzoyilandela, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lawa masayithi avame ukuhlanganisa izeluleko ezivela kubasebenzisi abaningi. Lapha, nokho, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi ohambisanayo, onemihlahlandlela efakazelwe yokugwema amaphutha ajwayelekile futhi uzuze impumelelo. Ama-PNG abukhali, angasindi alungele iwebhu noma uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ukukhipha ama-PNG ekhwalithi ibhalansi phakathi kokuhlela (usayizi wephikiseli, igridi, nombala), ukukhetha indlela yokukhipha, nokuhlola okusheshayo. Uma usebenzisa imihlahlandlela engenhla, izimpahla zakho zizophuma zibukhali, zibe sobala ngokuphelele, futhi zilungele noma iyiphi indawo, ukusuka ekhasini lokubikezela ukuya kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, kuyilapho unakekela. ukwethembeka okubonakalayo nesisindo esinengqondo.
Okufanele ukulungiselele ku-Illustrator ngaphambi kokuthekelisa
Ikhwalithi ye-PNG ayinqunywa nje ngesikhathi sokuthekelisa: iqala kudokhumenti ngokwayo. Uma usetha kangcono isisekelo, kuzoba nezimanga ezimbalwa ozoba nazo kamuva. Umgomo uwukuba ubuciko bakho be-vector bulungiswe ngosayizi ofanele futhi ngaphandle kwamashifu adala i-ghosting noma ama-halos. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isinyathelo sokuqala ukufaka isikwele se-canvas. Dala noma lungisa idokhumenti nge artboard ngamaphikseli ngokunembile usayizi wokugcina owudingayo (isb. 1200 × 628 px).
Yenza kusebenze ukubuka okulungile: Hamba kokuthi Buka > Ukubuka kuqala kwe-Pixel. Lokhu kubuka kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi idizayini yakho ye-raster izobukeka kanjani, ewusizo kakhulu ekutholeni imiphetho efiphele ezithonjaneni nakwimigqa emincane. Uma ubona ukufiphala okungajwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi into ibekwe kusetshenziswa izixhumanisi zamadesimali noma ngezilinganiso ezingafinyeleli kumaphikseli aphelele. Kulezi zimo, sebenzisa i-Snap to Pixel Grid ukuze ama-contours awela kuwo wonke amaphikseli futhi ugweme ukufiphala okujwayelekile okungu-1 px.
Hlola umbala: Kuma-PNG ahloselwe izikrini, sebenza nge-RGB. Ukusebenzisa Idokhumenti > Imodi Yombala > I-RGB iqinisekisa ukuthi imibala iboniswa ngendlela efanele kuwebhu nakumadivayisi. Uma ubusebenza ne-CMYK, ungase ubone ukushintsha kwesimo; sebenzisa lokhu ukuze ulungise amathoni ngenkathi usekwi-vector. Efayelini elithunyelwe, yenza kusebenze ukuguqulwa ku-sRGB uma inketho itholakala, ngoba I-sRGB yindawo yombala ejwayelekile yewebhu futhi kunciphisa umehluko phakathi kweziphequluli namasistimu.
Hlola ukulungiswa kwemiphumela: Uma usebenzisa izithunzi, ukufiphala, noma ukukhanya, hamba kokuthi Umphumela > Izilungiselelo Zomphumela we-Document Raster. Inani olisethe lapha lizothinta indlela leyo miphumela eyenziwa ngayo uma iguqulelwa ku-bitmap. Izingcezu zewebhu, i-72-150 dpi ngokuvamile yanele; kokuqukethwe okuzogcina kuphrintiwe, noma uma ufuna imininingwane ebukhali kakhulu, khuphuka ufike ku-300 dpi. Lapho i-dpi iphakeme, umphumela uba mkhulu, ngakho khetha ngokuhlakanipha; okubalulekile ukuthi imiphumela ibalwa ngokuminyana okwanele ngakho-ke "abaphuli" lapho bethumela ngaphandle. Uma usebenza nge-rasterization ejulile, kuyasiza ukubonana nemihlahlandlela yokuthi ungawakha kanjani ama-PNG athuthukisiwe kuma-rasterizer afana ne-Photoshop ukuze uqhathanise imiphumela nezinqubo.
Naka ukushaywa kwakho nokukala: Uma uguqula umsebenzi wakho wobuciko, vula i-Scale Strokes kanye Nemiphumela Kokuncamelayo noma uma usebenzisa amathuluzi okuguqula. Lokhu kuzovimbela uhlaka ukuthi lube ububanzi obuyingxenyana obufana no-0,5 px, okungase kubangele ukuphikisa okumangelengele. Uma uhlose ukunemba okuphezulu, cabanga ukwandisa imivimbo ngaphambi kokuthekelisa (Into > Nweba) ukuze imigqa iba yizimo eziqinile futhi balahlekelwe ukuncika kwabo kububanzi be-stroke obungabangela imiphetho ethambile.
Nqampuna okweqile: Uma udinga i-PNG ukuthi ilingane ncamashi nethebula, vumela ukunqampuna kwe-artboard ngesikhathi sokuthekelisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amaphikseli engeziwe noma izikhala ezingalindelekile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezithonjaneni noma kumalogo, lapho imajini engadingeki ingabonakala kakhulu; usebenzisa inketho ethi "Sebenzisa amabhodi obuciko" noma okufana nawo kuzowenza i-PNG izuza njengefa imikhawulo ye-artboard ngaphandle kobuciko obengeziwe.
Yenza ukuhlola ukuze ugweme amaphutha avamile: hlola ukuthi azikho yini izici ezibalulekile ezibonisa ngale uma ungazidingi, ukuthi ingemuva libonisa ngale uma ulindele isiteshi se-alpha, nokuthi umbhalo uhlelwe kahle ukuze ube usayizi ohlosiwe. Ngezindawo zokusebenzelana noma izibhengezo, qiniseka ukuthi umbhalo womzimba awujiki ube mncane kakhulu; uma usayizi ushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, thumela izinguqulo eziningi (1x, 2x, 3x) esikhundleni sokukala i-PNG ekhiqizwe ngaphambilini. Ukukhulisa i-raster kuhlala kwehlisa ukucijile. Uma udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-typography yakho ayihluleki, cabanga ukuguqula noma guqula umbhalo ube into ngaphambi kokuthekelisa.
Uyithekelisa kanjani i-PNG ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi: izindlela nezilungiselelo
I-Illustrator inikeza izindlela ezimbalwa zokuthekelisa ku-PNG. Akubona bonke abadalwe balingana, futhi kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhetha leyo ehambisana kangcono nokuhamba komsebenzi wakho. Uma sikhuluma ngobubanzi, Ukuthunyelwa Kwesikrini kanye nephaneli Yokuthunyelwa Kwempahla yizo ezilungele kakhulu osayizi abaningi; Ukuthekelisa Njengoba kukunikeza isilawuli esicushwe kahle efayeleni elilodwa; kanye nokuthi Londoloza Iwebhu (ifa) kusewusizo kumbala nezinketho zokubuka kuqala. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezingaguquki kuzo zonke. gcina ubukhali, umbala kanye nokungafihli.
Thekelisa Njengo: ukulawula okuqondile kwe-PNG
Iya kokuthi Ifayela > Thekelisa > Thumela Njenge... bese ukhetha i-PNG. Hlola okuthi “Sebenzisa amabhodi obuciko” uma ufuna ukunqampuna kuhloniphe ibhodi lobuciko. Ebhokisini lezinketho, khetha lawa manani: ukulungiswa ngosayizi owudingayo (ungasetha ukulungiswa ngokwezifiso kokukalwa), ingemuva elisobala, kanye nokuphikisana nokuhlukaniswa. Ukuphikisana nokuqamba igama kuyisihluthulelo lapha: khetha okuthi “Okulungiselelwe ubuciko (i-supersampling)” ukuze uthole imidwebo namajamo, noma “Kulungiselelwe umbhalo (obonisiwe)” uma ubeka kuqala umbhalo omncane. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi imiphetho ihlangana kahle ngaphandle kwama-halos ezizindeni ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama.
Uma udinga i-PNG enosayizi wephikseli oqondile (isb., 1024 × 1024), ilungile uma ithebula lakho selivele lilinganisa okungako. Nokho, kusukela ku-Export njengoba, ungaphindaphinda ngesilinganiso (50%, 100%, 200%, njll.). Gwema ukukala kumanani angewona ajikelezayo ezethula ukusampula kabusha okungalingani. Uma ubona ukufiphala ekuhloleni kuqala kwe-pixel, buyela emuva futhi ulungise ubukhulu be-artboard noma izilinganiso zezinto zakho ukuze zungeza izinombolo futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa.
Thekelisa Izikrini: Osayizi abaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Yifinyelele ngefayela > Khipha > Khipha Izikrini. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu ekulungiseleleni okuhlukile okungu-1x, 2x, kanye no-3x kwewebhu noma kweselula. Engeza izikali (isb., 1x, 2x) bese ukhetha i-PNG njengefomethi. Ungathekelisa nge-artboard noma ngempahla (uma uchaza amafa kuphaneli). Qiniseka ukuthi inketho yangemuva isethwe ukuze ibe sobala nokuthi izijobelelo (ezifana no-@2x) zenziwe ngendlela efanele. Le ndlela yonga isikhathi futhi iqinisekisa ukuvumelana kuwo wonke amasayizi, ngakho Ukuminyana ngakunye kuthola i-raster yayo yomdabu futhi awuncikile ekwandiseni kwakamuva. Uma udinga amadokhumenti okusebenza kokuthekelisa, bheka imihlahlandlela yokuthi ungawalondoloza kanjani amafayela akho namafomethi ukuze uthole ireferensi yemikhuba ehamba phambili.
Ithiphu eliwusizo: Uma idizayini yakho ibukeka iyinqaba ku-2x ngoba ekuqaleni uyimise ngosayizi "ongahlukaniseki", setha i-artboard yakho eyisisekelo ibe izilinganiso zokukala (isb., 48, 96, 144 px, njll.). Ngale ndlela, uma ukhipha ku-2x/3x, amaphikseli azolingana negridi futhi ubukhali buzogcinwa. Lokhu ukubona kusengaphambili kuyi-godsend for iconography kanye ne-pixel-perfect interfaces.
Iphaneli Yokuthekelisa Impahla: Zizenzele Ngokungenabuhlungu
Hudulela izici kuphaneli Yokuthunyelwa Kwefa futhi uchaze ukukala namafomethi ngefa ngalinye. Kuyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokugcina uhlelo lwamathokheni omklamo obonakalayo. Ungayitshela ukuthi ikhiphe ilogo ku-PNG 1x, 2x, ne-SVG, kanye nesithonjana ku-PNG 24 esinokubonisa ngale kanye ne-WebP (lapho kufanele khona). Uma amaqembu ecela izinguquko, uvele uchofoze okuthi thekelisa kube yilapho, njalo unezilungiselelo ezifanayo. Siyabonga ngalokho, Uqeda ukungahambisani futhi ulondoloze ukuphindaphinda okuningi.
Londoloza iwebhu (ifa): zisasebenziseka
Ngisho noma kuyifa, Ifayela > Khipha > Londoloza Iwebhu (ifa) linikeza ukubuka kuqala okuwusizo kakhulu. Khetha i-PNG-24 ukuze kukhanye ngokugcwele (i-PNG-8 inciphisa iphalethi futhi ivamise ukwethula ibhande). Hlola Ukukhanyela bese usetha i-Matte kokuthi Lutho ukuze ugweme ama-halo emaphethelweni. Uma ubona izinketho zokuguqulela ku-sRGB, zinike amandla ukuze zifane nombala kuziphequluli. Leli windi likuvumela futhi ukuthi ulungise usayizi wephikseli ngokubuka kuqala okuhle, uma udinga. bheka umphumela oqondile ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa.
Umbala nokungaguquguquki: gwema okumangazayo kombala
Kuwebhu, qiniseka ukuthi idokhumenti yakho isebenza nge-RGB futhi iguqulela ku-sRGB lapho ithunyelwa. Khubaza amaphrofayili angajwayelekile futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ze-CMYK ne-RGB ngaphakathi kwe-PNG efanayo. Uma uthola umsebenzi wobuciko onephrofayili ehlukile, beka futhi utolike kabusha umbala ngaphambi kokuwuthekelisa. Umgomo uwukuba i-PNG ewumphumela ibukeke ifana ku-Chrome, Safari, noma iFirefox, futhi lokho kusho sebenzisa i-sRGB njengedinominayitha evamile.
Ukungafihli namaphethelo: ama-halo ayiziro
Uma uthekelisa ngendlela ebonisa ngale, gwema ingemuva lesikhashana elimhlophe noma elimnyama kudokhumenti, njengoba lingangcolisa ukuphikisa ukudalulwa. kokuthi Londoloza Iwebhu, setha i-Matte kokuthi Lutho; kokuthi Thekelisa Njenge, shiya ingemuva njengokuthi Okusobala. Uma ubona iveli elikhanyayo noma elimnyama onqenqemeni, hlola ukuthi azikho yini izinto ezinokufiphala okungadingekile kwengxenye nokuthi i-anti-aliasing yanele. Ngamafonti amancane, zama okuthi "Optimized for Text," kanye nezithonjana ezinemigqa eqondile, khetha okuthi "Lutho" uma ufuna amafonti aphelele nge-pixel, nakuba uzolahlekelwa i-anti-aliasing. Ngakho, uhlanza ikhonta ngaphandle kwama-artifacts.
Elinye iqhinga lezithonjana: sebenzisa ngisho nobubanzi be-stroke bese uzama ukwenza ukuthi imimo iqondaniswe maphakathi namaphikseli. Umugqa ongu-1px ogxile kuphikseli ubukeka ucijile; umugqa ongu-1px ohamba ngamaphikseli amabili awudalulwanga futhi awufiphele. Ukubuka kwe-Pixel kanye nenketho yokuqondanisa kuGridi kukwenzela uhhafu womsebenzi, ngakho unqenqema ngalunye luwela lapho kufanele.
Ubukhulu nokuminyana: 1x, 2x, 3x
Ngokusebenzelana kwesimanje, letha okungenani okungu-1x no-2x. Uma udizayina ku-1x, khiqiza i-2x ne-3x kusukela ku-Export for Screens. Uma udizayina kokuthi 2x (okuvamile kakhulu), thekelisa u-1x ngokuhlukanisa ngo-2 no-3x ngokuphindaphinda ngo-1,5. Ungalokothi ukhuphukele kumhleli wangaphandle usuka ku-PNG yokugcina; buyela njalo ku-vector futhi uthumele ngokomdabu esikalini esisha. Lesi siyalo sigcina ubukhali nesisindo ngaphansi kokulawula kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho lwensiza.
Uhlu lokuhlola olusheshayo ngaphambi kokuchofoza inkinobho
Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola uhlu lokuhlola olulula. Hlola: ithebula ngosayizi oqondile, indawo kanye nobukhulu bezakhi ngamaphikseli aphelele, imodi yombala we-RGB, imiphumela ye-raster ekulungisweni okufanele, ukunganaki okulungile, ukukhanya okuhlanzekile, futhi, uma kufanele, ukuguqulelwa ku-sRGB. Ngalokhu okumboziwe, u-90% wezinkinga "zokufiphala" ziyanyamalala, ngoba Uyaqinisekisa ukuthi i-vector ne-raster zikhuluma ulimi olufanayo.
- I-Artboard nezilinganiso eziyindilinga ku-px ukuze kugwenywe izingxenyana.
- Ukubuka kwe-Pixel kunikwe amandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucija kwangempela.
- I-RGB + sRGB ekuthekeliseni ukuze kube nokuvumelana kuzo zonke izibonisi.
- I-Antialiasing kanye nokungafihli okulungiselelwe ngokohlobo lobuciko.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile
Umbhalo ofile? Khulisa usayizi wefonti kancane, sebenzisa okuthi "Optimized for Text" kokuthi antialiasing, hlola ukuthi umbhalo awukho ezindaweni zamadesimali, futhi gwema ukukala i-PNG yokugcina. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyakhokha ukurasterize lowo mbhalo njengesithombe esihlukile ku-2x ukuze thola ukuminyana kwe-pixel nokufundeka ngaphandle kokuthinta okunye. Uma usebenza ne-Photoshop njengesipele, uzothola ukuthi ukukopisha kanye nokwenza i-rasterizing phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuyasheshisa lezi zimo; bona amasu e rasterize futhi udlulise izinto phakathi kwe-Photoshop ne-Illustrator.
Izithonjana ezinemiphetho engcolile? Qondanisa negridi yephikseli, sebenzisa ngisho (2 px, 4 px) noma ububanzi obuyinqaba obuhambisana negridi, futhi ucabange ukukhubaza ukunqanda ukudayiswa uma isitayela siwubuciko be-pixel ngokuqinile. Uma isithonjana sinama-diagonals, shiya ukungavumelani kokuthi "Optimized for Art" ukuze uhlelele imiphetho emagebhugebhu, kodwa gwema ama-mattes yethula ama-halo ekushintsheni izizinda.
Imibala egeziwe ezipheqululini? Qiniseka ukuthi uguqulela ku-sRGB ekuthekeliseni futhi ugweme amaphrofayela ashumekiwe angavamile. Kumamonitha e-wide-gamut, isithombe esingaguquliwe singase sibukeke sigcwele kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu futhi singenasici ezipheqululini. Ukuguqulela ku-sRGB kuyinethi yakho yokuphepha. ukuhambisana kwe-cross-platform.
Inzima? I-PNG ayilahleki futhi isobala, kodwa ayihlali ilula kakhulu. Nciphisa ubukhulu uma kungenzeka, susa izendlalelo ezingabonakali ngaphambi kokuthekelisa, cindezela ngezinsiza zangaphandle ezingalahleki (isb., optipng, pngquant ngokucophelela), futhi lapho ukukhanya kungadingeki, cabangela i-JPEG noma i-WebP. Noma kunjalo, uma kufanele unamathele ku-PNG, gcina amaphalethi ahlanzekile, futhi gwema ishaneli ye-alpha engadingekile gcina kilobytes.
Imiphetho ye-haloed emnyama/emhlophe kungemuva eliguquguqukayo? Leyo yi-matte esetshenziswe ngokungafanele. Ku-Londoloza Iwebhu, sebenzisa i-Matte = None; uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa ingemuva elisobala kanye nokunqanda ukunakwa okulungile. Uma uthola ifa lobuciko elinethunzi elimhlophe, phinda wenze isithunzi ekukhanyeni kwangempela, ngoba uma kungenjalo, ukuhumusha kuzodonsa okumhlophe futhi kuvela uhlaka lwesipoki.
Imikhiqizo emihle yokusebenza
Sebenza ngefayela le-vector eliyinhloko, elinezendlalelo ezicacile nezitayela ezingaguquki. Chaza amasayizi ayisisekelo ahambisana nokuminyana okungu-1x/2x/3x kusukela ekuqaleni futhi usebenzise Ukuthekelisa Kwezikrini ukukala. Ukuqamba amagama okufanayo (icon‑home@1x.png, icon‑home@2x.png, njll.) namafolda ngenkundla ngayinye sheshisa ukulethwa. Uma useqenjini, bhala izilungiselelo zokuthekelisa ku-readme yangaphakathi ukuze wonke umuntu ukhiqiza amabhanari afanayo ngaphandle kokuchezuka.
Hlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa okubonakalayo: Vula ama-PNG ezindaweni zomhlaba wangempela lapho azohlala khona (isiphequluli, idivayisi yeselula, uhlelo lokusebenza). Ungathembeli kuphela ekuhloleni kuqala kwe-Illustrator. Kuwebhu, beka ama-PNG ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene ukuze uhlole ama-halo; kuselula, zilayishe ku-prototype futhi uhlole ukuminyana okuphezulu. Lesi sinyathelo sokuqinisekisa silindele izinkinga futhi ikuvumela ukuba wenze kanjalo lungisa ngaphambi kokushicilela.
Khumbula ukuthi i-Illustrator ilula ngokundiza; uma ubuciko bakho buncike kakhulu emiphumeleni, zama ukunweba noma ukuguqula izingxenye ezithile zibe ama-bitmaps aphakathi anokulungiswa okuphakeme ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kokugcina. Lokhu akuyona inkambiso, kodwa ekuqanjweni okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi kuyindlela yokuhamba. injini ayenzi kabusha izibalo ezingahambisani phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
