Ukwanda kobuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhiqizayo kuye kwayinselela indlela esisebenzisa ngayo okuqukethwe: amazwi aqoshwe kabusha, ubuso obuklanywe ngokucophelela, kanye nemiyalezo mbumbulu ebonakala ingokoqobo isakazeka kalula. Kulesi simo, uTaylor Swift unqume ukuthatha isinyathelo futhi asebenzise imithetho yempahla yobuhlakani ukuvikela lokho, ekugcineni, okuyisisekelo somsebenzi wakhe: izwi lakhe kanye nesithombe sakhe.
Lo mculi waseMelika ufake izicelo ezintathu zokuhweba e-United States efuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kobunikazi bakhe, ikakhulukazi lapho i-AI isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe okungase kuphanjaniswe naye noma kuxhaphaze ukukhanga kwakhe kwezentengiselwano. Lokhu akuyona into eyenzeka yodwa, kodwa yingxenye yomkhuba obanzi embonini yezokuzijabulisa, oqala ukuhlola ukuthi imithethonqubo yokuhweba ifanelana kanjani nenkathi yama-deepfake.
Yini ngempela ebhalisiwe nguTaylor Swift?
Izicelo zafakwa ngo- Ephreli 24 yi-TAS Rights Management, inkampani ephethe amalungelo kaTaylor Swift. Ngokusho kwemibhalo ecashunwe yizinkampani eziningana ezikhethekile kanye nemithombo yezindaba efana ne-Reuters kanye ne-Variety, izicelo zifaka izimpawu zokuhweba ezimbili zomsindo kanye nophawu lokuhweba olulodwa olubonakalayo , konke okuhlobene ngqo nobunikazi bobuciko bomculi.
Lezi zimpawu zokuhweba ezimbili zomsindo zihlanganisa imishwana eqashelwa kakhulu yizilaleli zakhe: "He, nguTaylor Swift" kanye "He, nguTaylor ." Lezi yiziqeshana zezwi ezisetshenziswe ngumculi njengezethulo ezinkundleni zokusakaza ezifana neSpotify kanye ne-Amazon Music, kumongo wokukhishwa kwakamuva. Umqondo uwukuthi lezi ziqeshana ngeke zibe uphawu lokuhweba kuphela , kodwa futhi zibe yimpahla evikelwe okungekho muntu wesithathu ongayilingisa ngaphandle kwemvume ngezinjongo zokuhweba.
Uhlelo lwesithathu luwuphawu lokuhweba olubonisa ngokucacile isithombe somculi edlala bukhoma: UTaylor Swift uboniswa ephethe isiginci esipinki esinebhande elimnyama , egqoke isudi yomzimba enemibala eminingi ecwebezelayo noma enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nopinki, kanye namabhuzu esiliva, esiteji esipinki phambi kwemakrofoni enemibala eminingi, enezibani ezinsomi ngemuva. Luyisithombe esihlobene eduze neThe Eras Tour yakhe futhi sisetshenziswe nasezintweni zokumaketha, kufaka phakathi izingcezu ezihlobene nedokhumentari esatshalaliswa amapulatifomu afana neDisney+.
Ngokubeka uphawu lwentengiso kuleyo ndawo ethile, ithimba lezomthetho lomculi lizama ukuguqula isithombe esidumile sombukiso wakhe sibe yinto evikelwe ngokomthetho kumakhophi noma ezithombeni ezifanayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zenziwe ngamathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Kungani i-AI iphakamise ama-alamu eqenjini lomculi
Isinqumo sokuqopha izwi nesithombe asivelanga ndawo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uTaylor Swift ubelokhu eyisisulu esiphindaphindwayo se-deepfake kanye nokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwe-AI. Izithombe ezingamanga, eziveza ucansi ezidalwe yi-algorithms zisakazeke ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kanye nezithombe ezishintshiwe ezimxhumanisa nezizathu zezepolitiki noma ukuqokwa kwakhe angakaze akuvume. Ngakho-ke, kunezinqubo zokubika okuqukethwe okungafanele.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokuba ngumongameli wase-US ka-2024, uDonald Trump wabelane ngezithombe ezikhiqizwe yi-AI kunethiwekhi yakhe ye-Truth Social ezazisikisela ngokungeyikho ukuthi lo mculi uyamsekela ngokungenela ukhetho. Kamuva, uSwift ngokwakhe wasekela uKamala Harris esidlangalaleni , ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu kukhwabanisa kanye nokwaziswa okungaqondile okumzungezile.
Izinkinga azigcini nje enkundleni yezepolitiki. Amapulatifomu e-AI namathuluzi avela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe nawo ahileleke ezinsolweni. Inkampani ka-Elon Musk i-xAI ibhekane nokugxekwa okukhulu lapho uhlelo lwayo lwe-Grok luveza izithombe zomculi onqunu, naphezu kwemithetho yensizakalo evimbela ngokusobala okuqukethwe okunjalo okubonisa abantu bangempela. Amanye ama-giants afana ne-Meta abhekane nempikiswano ngokusetshenziswa kwesithombe sikaSwift emikhiqizweni yokuhlola kanye nama-chatbot.
Konke lokhu kukhulise umbono, kokubili phakathi komculi nalabo abaseduze naye, wokuthi i-AI ekhiqizayo isibe usongo oluqondile ekulawulweni kwezwi lakhe, isithombe, kanye nedumela lakhe. Yingakho kuseshwa ezinye izindlela zomthetho, ngale kwalezo ezisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ezindaweni zamalungelo ezithombe noma ilungelo lobunikazi.
Indlela ukubhaliswa kophawu lwentengiso okuhambisana ngayo nokulwa nobuhlakani bokwenziwa
Ochwepheshe bempahla yobuhlakani bakhomba ukuthi isinyathelo sikaSwift siyingxenye yoshintsho olubanzi endleleni: osaziwayo sebeqala "ukuzibhalisa" njengezimpawu zokuhweba ukuze balwe ne-AI. Ummeli uJosh Gerben, wenkampani iGerben IP, uchaze ukuthi izicelo zalo mculi zibonisa intshisekelo ekhulayo yokuhlola imikhawulo yokuvikelwa kwezimpawu zokuhweba kule ndawo.
UGerben uveza ukuthi, nakuba imithetho yamalungelo ezithombe isivele inikeza isivikelo ekusetshenzisweni okungagunyaziwe kwezithombe zabantu abadumile, ukubhaliswa kophawu lwentengiso kwengeza ungqimba olwengeziwe. Endabeni kaTaylor Swift, isihluthulelo siseqinisweni lokuthi lawo mabinzana kanye nesithombe kubhekwa njengezimpawu ezihlukile ezihambisana nezinsizakalo zakhe njengomculi.
Ngokwale mpikiswano, uma kuvela impikiswano yezomthetho nenkampani ye-AI esebenzisa izwi lakhe, uSwift angasho ukuthi noma yimuphi umsindo ozwakala "ufana ngendlela edidayo" nezimpawu zakhe zokuhweba uphula amalungelo akhe. Lesi yisimiso esifanayo esisetshenziswayo lapho kuhlaziywa ukuthi ilogo noma isiqubulo singadukisa yini abathengi mayelana nemvelaphi yomkhiqizo noma isevisi.
Embusweni obonakalayo, ukuvikela inhlanganisela ethile yezingubo, ukuma, indawo, kanye nemibala kuvula ithuba lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nezithombe ezishintshiwe noma ezenziwe nge-AI ezibonakala sengathi zifana kakhulu naleyo mifanekiso yomculi. Bekungeke nje kube yindaba yokulwa namakhophi aqondile, kodwa futhi nokuvuselela okusebenzisa ukuqashelwa okusheshayo okwenziwa yisithombe esinjalo.
Nakuba le ndlela ingakahlolwa ngempela enkantolo ngokumelene nezinhlelo ze-AI, ochwepheshe bezomthetho abanjengoGerben baqhathanisa amandla ayo nalawo omthetho we-copyright uma kukhulunywa ngokufuna kususwe okuqukethwe. Umehluko uwukuthi, esikhundleni sokuthembela ekuqanjweni komsebenzi othize, le ndlela izogxila ekuhlukeni komkhiqizo kanye nokuxhumana kwawo nomsebenzi webhizinisi lomuntu ngamunye.
Isibonelo: UMatthew McConaughey kanye nabanye abantu abadumile kwezokuzijabulisa
Isu likaTaylor Swift alihlukile. Ngaphambi kwakhe, umlingisi uMatthew McConaughey waqala indlela efanayo ngokuthengisa izinkulumo eziningana, iziqeshana zomsindo, kanye nezinto ezihlobene nesithombe sakhe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona isisho sakhe esidumile esithi "alright, alright, alright," esaduma kakhulu efilimini ethi "Dazed and Confused" (ekhishwe eSpain njenge-"Movida del 76").
Ngo-2025, i-United States Patent and Trademark Office yanikeza lo mculi izimpawu zokuhweba eziyisishiyagalombili , ezihlanganisa imisho yesiginesha kanye nezinto ezithile ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo. Abeluleki bakhe bezomthetho bathi lokhu kubanikeza ithuluzi elengeziwe lokulwa nokuvuselelwa okukhiqizwe yi-AI okuzama ukuxhaphaza izwi lakhe noma ubuntu bakhe ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ochwepheshe bempahla yobuhlakani bayavuma ukuthi lo mkhuba ubonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo eHollywood nasembonini yomculo , lapho kungenzeka khona ukuphinda amazwi, ukushukuma komzimba, kanye nokubonakala okuphelele ngaphandle kwemvume manje kubhekwa njengengozi eqondile emisebenzini yabaculi kanye nesithombe somphakathi.
Ngaphandle kwendawo yomuntu siqu kuphela, ama-studio amakhulu nawo aqale ukuthatha isinyathelo. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne -Disney kubikwa ukuthi zithumele izincwadi zokuyeka nokuyeka kubathuthukisi be-AI ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi amamodeli akhiqizayo ayekhiqiza amakhophi angagunyaziwe ezinhlamvu ezibhalisiwe ezazisatshalaliswa ngezinga elikhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi kunezinye izibonelo zezingxabano zophawu lwentengiso endaweni yedijithali.
Izinselele ezisebenzayo: kusukela ephepheni kuya eqinisweni le-inthanethi
Ngaphandle kwemfundiso yezomthetho, umbuzo usalokhu uwukuthi lokhu kubhaliswa kuzosebenza kangakanani ekusebenzeni , ikakhulukazi endaweni ehlukaniswe njenge-inthanethi. Ummeli uKirk Sigmon, wenkampani yezobuchwepheshe kanye nempahla yobuhlakani iKellDann Law, ukhomba ukuthi izimpawu zokuhweba sezilokhu zisetshenziswa ukuvikela umsindo nezinto ezibonakalayo ezihlobene nemikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo, ngakho-ke icala likaSwift alivamile kangako kulokho.
Okuhlukile, uveza, ukuthi zisetshenziswa ngokusobala njengesivikelo ngokumelene ne-AI . Empeleni, lezi zimpawu zokuhweba zingaba usizo lapho kuthathwe isinyathelo ngokumelene nezinkampani ezihlonzayo noma amapulatifomu asebenzisa isithombe noma izwi lomculi ukuze asikisele ngokungeyikho ukusekelwa komkhiqizo othile, umkhankaso, noma isevisi.
Inkinga ivela lapho okuqukethwe kukhiqizwa abasebenzisi abangaziwa abashicilela ama-deepfake avela kuma-akhawunti okunzima ukuwalandela noma avela ezindaweni lapho ukubambisana neziphathimandla kulinganiselwe khona. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngisho namalungelo obunikazi obuqinile, ikhono langempela lokuphendula lingancishiswa libe yizicelo zokususwa kokuqukethwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinsizakalo zokubamba.
Ngisho naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, ukuba khona kwabezindaba komuntu onjengoTaylor Swift kuyamsiza. Izinga lakhe eliphezulu lokuqashelwa kwenza kube lula ukuphikisana ngokuthi igama lakhe, izwi lakhe, kanye nokubukeka kwakhe kuhlobene ngokusobala nezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezithile (ama-albhamu, amakhonsathi, izimpahla, amadokhumentari, njll.), okuqinisa isisekelo sokuthola nokuphoqelela izimpawu zokuhweba ezihlobene nobunikazi bakhe.
Uma sibheka konke, isinyathelo somculi waseMelika sibonisa indlela imboni yezokuzijabulisa ezama ngayo ukuvumelanisa amathuluzi ezomthetho endabuko nesimo sobuchwepheshe esishintsha ngokushesha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zokuhweba, amalungelo ezithombe, kanye nomthethonqubo we-AI kuvela njengendawo ebalulekile yokulwa eminyakeni ezayo, okunemiphumela kubalandeli nakubasebenzisi eYurophu naseSpain, lapho le mikhuba iqala ukuhlolisiswa eduze yizinkampani zomthetho kanye nezinhlangano ezilawulayo.
