Uma usebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu futhi uzulazula ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwe-microservices, ngokuqinisekile ujwayelene nobunzima bokuphatha ama-API amaningi . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yizinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ozakhayo kusukela ekuqaleni noma ukuhlanganiswa namapulatifomu angaphandle, ukugcina konke kulawulwa futhi ukuvimbela noma yini ukuthi iphuke lapho wenza ushintsho kungaba nzima ngempela ngaphandle kwamathuluzi afanele.
Yilapho i-Postman ingena khona, ikhambi elishintshe kusukela esandisweni se-Chrome esilula laya ezingeni lomkhakha . Akuyona nje uhlelo lokuthumela izicelo, kodwa uhlelo oluphelele lwe-ecosystem oluyenza ukusebenzisana nama-endpoint kube lula kakhulu, okuvumela bobabili abathuthukisi nabahloli ukuthi banciphise umthwalo omkhulu emahlombe abo lapho beqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlelo.
Iyini ngempela i-Postman futhi isetshenziselwa ini?
Empeleni, i-Postman uhlelo lokusebenza olwenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana nezinsizakalo zewebhu. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele izicelo ze-HTTP ne-HTTPS kuseva futhi uhlaziye impendulo ngokubonakalayo, ngaphandle kokubhala ikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi njalo uma ufuna ukuhlola idatha. Isekela amaphrothokholi ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-REST, i-GraphQL, kanye ne-SOAP , okwenza kube lula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwephrojekthi, kungaba yesimanje noma yefa.
Ukusebenziseka kwayo kudlulela ngalé kokuba yiklayenti nje kuphela. Isebenza ekuphatheni yonke impilo ye-API , kusukela emqondweni wayo wokuqala kanye nencazelo, ngokuthuthukisa nokuqapha, kuya ekugcinweni kokuvimbela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza kube lula ukudala amadokhumenti ngokuzenzakalelayo, kususwe isidingo sokuba ithimba libhale ngesandla iphuzu ngalinye lokugcina kanye nemingcele yalo.
Amathuluzi okusebenza kanye namathuluzi ayinhloko
Ukuze uthole okuningi ku-Postman, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingxenye zayo ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, kuneziqoqo , ezisebenza njengamafolda enhlangano lapho siqoqa khona izicelo ezihlobene. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuhleleka kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, okusivumela ukuthi sihlele izinsizakalo ngamamojula noma imisebenzi.
Enye insika yi- izindawoEsikhundleni sokushintsha i-URL ngesandla njalo uma ushintsha kusuka ekuthuthukisweni kuya ekukhiqizweni, ungasebenzisa iziguquguquki ezifana {{baseUrl}}Ngale ndlela, ushintsha kuphela indawo ekumenyu ephezulu eyehlayo futhi zonke izicelo zakho zilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ugweme amaphutha abantu angabangela izinhlekelele kuseva yangempela.
Izindlela ze-HTTP kanye nokuhlaziywa kwempendulo
I-Postman ikuvumela ukuthi wenze zonke izenzo ezijwayelekile zewebhu. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ozozisebenzisa yilezi:
- TholaUkuthola ulwazi kusuka kuseva.
- I-POST: Ukuthumela noma ukudala idatha entsha.
- PUTUkushintsha insiza ephelele.
- PATCHUkuvuselela ingxenye yolwazi kuphela.
- SUSAUkususa idatha.
Lapho ethola impendulo, i-Postman ibonisa ikhodi yesimo se-HTTP, ebalulekile ekuqondeni okwenzekile. Uma ubona ikhodi ebangeni lama-200 , konke kuhambe kahle. Ikhodi yesimo sama-400 ikhombisa ukuthi inkinga isesicelweni seklayenti; kanti ikhodi yesimo sama-500 iphakamisa ukuthi iseva iphahlazekile futhi i-backend idinga ukuhlolwa.
Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokudlulela ku-CI/CD
Uma ufuna ukuyeka ukwenza izivivinyo eziphindaphindwayo ngesandla, i-Postman inikeza inketho yokubhala izikripthi zokuqinisekisa ku-JavaScript . Lezi zilungiselelwe kuthebhu ethi "Ukuhlolwa" futhi zikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ikhodi yesimo ilungile, ukuthi isikhathi sokuphendula siyamukeleka yini, noma ukuthi umzimba we-JSON uqukethe izinkambu ezilindelekile.
Ukuze lokhu kukhuphukele ezingeni elilandelayo, kukhona i-Newman , inguqulo yomugqa womyalo we-Postman. Nge-Newman, ungahlanganisa amaqoqo akho okuhlola kumapayipi okuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (i-CI/CD) njenge-Jenkins, i-GitHub Actions, noma i-GitLab CI. Ngale ndlela, noma nini lapho umuntu elayisha ikhodi, ukuhlolwa kusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi wazi ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona yini okuyekile ukusebenza.
Ukuqhathanisa namanye amathuluzi emakethe
Nakuba i-Postman iyinkosi, kunezinye izinketho. Isibonelo, i-SoapUI iyithuluzi elivuthiwe kakhulu neliqinile, elinamandla kakhulu uma usebenza kakhulu ngephrothokholi ye-SOAP futhi udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okujulile komthwalo noma okuhambisanayo. Ngenkathi i-Postman ikhanya ngenxa yesikhombikubona sayo esibonakalayo kanye nokusebenzisana kwamafu, i-SoapUI ihloselwe kakhulu ekuhlolweni kobuchwepheshe okuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine -Swagger , okungeyona iklayenti lesicelo kodwa kunalokho uhlaka lomthombo ovulekile olugxile kumadokhumenti e-API . I-Swagger ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze i-API usebenzisa imithetho ecacile, okwenza kube lula kunoma yimuphi unjiniyela wangaphandle ukuqonda ukuthi angayisebenzisa kanjani izinsizakalo ngaphandle kokudinga amabhukwana abanzi.
Izinyathelo zokuqala kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu
Ukuze uqale, mane nje ulande uhlelo lokusebenza lwesistimu yakho yokusebenza (i-Windows, i-Mac, noma i-Linux) noma usebenzise inguqulo yewebhu. Uma usungaphakathi, into enhle ongayenza ukudala indawo yokusebenza , okuyindawo yokubambisana lapho ungabelana khona ngentuthuko yakho nethimba ngesikhathi sangempela.
Njengecebiso, zama njalo ukusebenza namaseva e-mock endaweni ehlukanisiwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthole amaphutha ngaphandle kokubeka isizindalwazi sangempela engcupheni futhi uhlole izimo ezingezinhle noma amacala onqenqema angaphazamisa uhlelo lokusebenza ekukhiqizweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa isici se -Generate Code kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthumele izicelo zakho ngqo ezilimini ezifana ne-Python noma i-JavaScript, okuzokongela isikhathi sokubhala.
Leli thuluzi selibaluleke kakhulu ngoba lihlanganisa igebe phakathi kokuklama nokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi olula. Kusukela ekudaleni isicelo esilula kuya ekubunzimeni kokuqapha ama-endpoints ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa, i-Postman ihlanganisa zonke izidingo zethimba lobuchwepheshe lanamuhla, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ziqinile futhi ziyakhuliswa ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele kumsebenzisi wokugcina.