Uma ucabanga ngokufunda uku-programa, i-Python cishe yigama lokuqala olizwile linconywa. Futhi lokho akulona iphutha: ulimi lwesimanje, olunamandla, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, lune- syntax ehlanzekile kakhulu efana kakhulu nolimi lwansuku zonke . Lokhu kwenza indlela yokufunda ibe mnene kakhulu kunezinye izilimi "ezinzima" kakhulu.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, uzothola imephu ephelele, ehlelekile, nengokoqobo yokuhamba usuka ku-zero uye ezingeni eliqinile ku-Python, kanye nezinsizakusebenza, amaphutha avamile, izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi, izindlela zomsebenzi , kanye namathiphu okukhetha izifundo nezinto zokwakha . Umqondo uwukuthi akudingeki ugxume phakathi kwamavidiyo angahleliwe kanye nezifundo ezingaxhunywanga, kodwa kunalokho qhubeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ngokucabangela, nangaphandle kokukhungatheka.
Kuyini i-Python futhi kungani kungumqondo omuhle kangaka ukuqala ngalolu limi?
I-Python iwulimi lokuhlela oluhunyushwayo, olusezingeni eliphezulu, nolunomthombo ovulekile . Ifilosofi yayo igxile kukhodi efundekayo, elula ukuyinakekela, futhi ebhalwe ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sokugcwalisa isikrini sakho ngezimpawu ezingavamile, isebenzisa isintaksi esiseduze kakhulu nolimi lwemvelo, ngamabhulokhi achazwa ngokufaka i-indentation kanye namagama angukhiye acacile.
Kumuntu oqala phansi, enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi awudingi ukulwa nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ubone imiphumela esheshayo. Ungabhala izinhlelo zakho zokuqala ngemizuzu embalwa, okukugcina unomdlandla ngenkathi wakha amakhono akho.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu zePython kwabaqalayo, kuneziningana ezivelele okufanele zikhunjulwe:
- Ukufundeka kwekhodiOkubhalwe ku-Python kufana kakhulu nolimi lwabantu, ngakho ukufunda nokuqonda ikhodi yabanye abantu kulula kakhulu.
- Ijika lokufunda elinobunganeIkuvumela ukuthi uqhubekele phambili isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ufunde imiqondo emisha esisekelweni osuvele usiqonda.
- Umphakathi omkhuluUzothola amadokhumenti asemthethweni, izifundo, amaforamu, amaqembu eTelegram/Discord, kanye nemiphakathi yendawo ekhuthele kakhulu.
- I-ecosystem enkulu yemitapo yolwazi kanye nezinhlakaCishe noma yini ofuna ukuyenza (iwebhu, idatha, ukuzenzakalela, i-AI…) isivele inamathuluzi avuthiwe ku-Python.
- Isofthiwe yamahhala nevulekileIfakwe mahhala, isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ijwayelekile kumaseva amaningi kanye nezindawo zesayensi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Python inedumela (elifanele) lokuba ulimi "oluhamba kancane" uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezifana ne-C noma i-Java, kodwa lokhu kulula ukukuphika. Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zansuku zonke, inkinga akuyona ulimi ngokwalo, kodwa kunalokho indlela uhlelo oluklanywe ngayo noma ihadiwe etholakalayo. Ukuqaliswa, amathuluzi, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu kukhona okuklanyelwe ngqo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo lapho kudingeka.
Isetshenziswa kuphi iPython futhi yini ongayenza ngayo?
I-Python isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene, futhi lokho kuyingxenye yokukhanga kwayo. Lulimi oluthandwayo kwisayensi yedatha, ubunjiniyela, ukuzenzekela, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, phakathi kokunye. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ayikuvimbeli endleleni eyodwa yomsebenzi ; kunalokho, ungazihlela kabusha kalula ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem.
Ezinye izindawo lapho iPython ikhanya khona kakhulu:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kanye nobuhlakani bebhizinisi: ukulungiswa kwedatha, ukudalwa kwedeshibhodi, imibiko ezenzakalelayo, ukuhlaziywa kochungechunge lwesikhathi… ngamalabhulali afana nama-panda, i-NumPy noma i-matplotlib.
- Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini: ukudalwa kokuhlelwa, ukuhlehliswa, umbono wekhompyutha noma amamodeli okucubungula ulimi lwemvelo ngamathuluzi anjenge-scikit-learn, i-TensorFlow noma i-PyTorch.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kweWebhu: ukwakha ama-API, ama-back-ends kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu kusetshenziswa izinhlaka ezifana ne-Django noma i-Flask.
- I-automation ne-scripting: izinhlelo ezincane zokuhlela amafayela, ukucubungula idatha, ukwenza amakhophi agciniwe, ukuhlanganiswa namanye amathuluzi, njll.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu nemidlalo elula: Ama-GUI anemitapo yolwazi efana ne-Tkinter, i-PyQt noma i-Kivy, kanye nemidlalo ye-2D ene-PyGame.
Isu elihle lokuqala ngalo ukukhetha uhlelo lokusebenza olukuthakazelisa ngempela (idatha, iwebhu, ukuzenzekela, i-AI, njll.) bese ulusebenzisa njengesisusa. Okokuqala, gxila ezisekelweni zolimi, bese kancane kancane wethula amalabhulali athile kuleyo ndawo.
Indlela yokufunda i-Python kusukela ekuqaleni
Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene ekubhaleni ikhodi sengathi akukho kusasa, kufanelekile ukucacisa izinto ezimbili: ukuthi usuvele wazi ukuthi ungahlela kanjani olunye ulimi kanye nezinga lakho lesiNgisi . Akufani ukuqala ku-absolute zero njengoba kufana nokuba nolwazi lwangaphambilini ku-Java, C, noma ku-JavaScript. Futhi akufani nokukwazi ukusizakala ngezinsizakusebenza ngesiNgisi njengoba kulinganiselwe ezintweni zesiSpanishi.
Uma ungakaze uhlele uhlelo ngaphambili, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubheka izincwadi nezifundo ezenzelwe abaqalayo , lapho imiqondo eyisisekelo (iziguquguquko, izinhlobo, izimo, ama-loop, njll.) ichazwa khona ngokuthula futhi inezibonelo eziningi. Kuneziqondiso zokwazisa ezitholakala ngeSpanishi , kanye nezifundo ezithile nezincwadi zabaqalayo ezilandela ukulandelana kokufunda okuhlelekile kahle.
Uma usuvele unolwazi ngezinye izilimi, ungaya ngokushesha engxenyeni ye-logic futhi ugxile kakhulu ekuqondeni izici ze-Python kanye "nendlela yayo ye-Pythonic" yokwenza izinto : ukuphatha izakhiwo zedatha, ukuqonda uhlu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-idiomatic komtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile, izitayela ezinconywayo (PEP 8), njll.
Futhi uma ukhululekile ngesiNgisi, amathuba ayanda kakhulu: izincwadi, imibhalo esemthethweni, izifundo ezikhethekile, izifundo ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nezinsiza ezivela emiphakathini yamazwe ngamazwe kuzokunikeza ukujula okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukufunda lonke ulimi ngezinto zesiSpanishi; isiNgisi siba bucayi kakhulu uma uqala ukubhekana nezihloko ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma imibhalo evela emitatsheni ethile.
Ukufaka i-Python nokukhetha indawo yokuthuthukiswa
Isinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo ukufaka ulimi. Ku-Windows naku-macOS, lungalandwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Python, kanti ekusakazweni okuningi kwe-Linux kuza kufakwe kusengaphambili . Kanye nolimi, umhumushi ufakiwe; lolu uhlelo olunesibopho sokuhumusha ikhodi ye-Python ibe yimiyalelo uhlelo olungayenza.
Umhumushi angasetshenziswa kusuka ku-terminal noma ku-console esebenzisana nayo, kodwa ukuze uthole ulwazi olukhululekile, uzodinga umhleli wekhodi omuhle noma i-IDE. Uma uqala kusukela ekuqaleni, kunezindawo eziningi ezidumile zokuthuthukiswa kwabaqalayo be-Python ezinikeza ukuqedela okuzenzakalelayo, ukugqamisa i-syntax, ukulungisa amaphutha, kanye nokusebenza kohlelo okusheshayo.
Uma usuvele uhlela ngezinye izilimi, cishe unezimo zakho ezihlukile kanye nezintandokazi zakho, futhi ayikho impendulo eyodwa efanelana nazo zonke lapha. Isihluthulelo ukuzizwa ukhululekile ngaleli thuluzi , ngakho-ke indlela ehlakaniphile ukuzama izinketho ezimbalwa (isibonelo, i-Visual Studio Code, i-PyCharm Community, i-Thonny, njll.) amasonto ambalwa bese ubona ukuthi iyiphi ozizwa ukhululekile ngayo.
Ukuze kukusize ukukuqondisa, kuneziqondiso eziphelele kakhulu kumawebhusayithi akhethekile nakuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Python uqobo, ehlanganisa uhlu olubanzi lwabahleli nama-IDE kanye nezici zawo eziyinhloko. Ngaphandle kwemibono yabanye abantu, okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile yikho okuzokutshela ngempela ukuthi iyiphi indawo ekufanela kangcono.
Indlela yokufunda ehlukaniswe ngezigaba: kusukela kuskripthi sokuqala kuya kuphrojekthi yokuqala ebalulekile
Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu lapho ufunda i-Python ukugxuma phakathi kwezihloko ngaphandle kokuhleleka: namuhla isifundo se-"Python in 1 hour", kusasa ividiyo ye-Pandas, usuku olulandelayo kusasa uhlelo oluqondiswe ezintweni... Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukukhathala nokucabanga ukuthi inkinga nguwe, kanti empeleni iphutha lisekuhleleni kokuqukethwe.
Umhlahlandlela ongokoqobo womuntu ofunda amahora angu-5-7 ngesonto ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba, ngasinye sakhelwa kwesangaphambilini:
- Isigaba 1 - Izinto Eziyisisekelo (amasonto ama-2-3): iziguquguquko, izinhlobo ezilula, opharetha, izimo, kanye nezihibe.
- Isigaba 2 - Izakhiwo Zedatha (amasonto ama-2-3): uhlu, izichazamazwi, ama-tuple, amasethi, kanye nokuqonda kohlu.
- Isigaba 3 - Imisebenzi (amasonto angu-1-2): incazelo yemisebenzi, amapharamitha, amanani okubuyisa kanye nama-lambda.
- Isigaba 4 - Ukuqhubeka kwedatha (amasonto ama-2-3): ukuphathwa kwamafayela, i-JSON, i-CSV kanye nesizindalwazi esilula esine-SQLite.
- Isigaba 5 - Uhlelo olugxile ezintweni (amasonto ama-2-3): amakilasi, izindlela, izimfanelo, ifa, kanye nezindlela ezikhethekile.
- Isigaba 6 - Iphrojekthi Ephelele (amasonto angu-4-8): iphrojekthi yangempela ehlanganisa konke okungenhla.
Sekukonke, sikhuluma ngezinyanga ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6 zokufinyelela izinga eliqinile uma usebenza njalo kodwa ungagxili kakhulu. Izithembiso ezifana nokuthi "master Python ezinsukwini ezingama-30" zivame ukumboza izisekelo kuphela; ukwazi kahle ulimi kuthatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ngamabomu.
Ukuhlahlela isigaba ngasinye sokufunda ku-Python
Isigaba 1 sigxile ekukusizeni ukuthi uqonde ukuthi uhlelo olulula luhlelwe kanjani. Uzosebenza neziguquguquko (int, float, str, bool), ama-arithmetic kanye nama-logical operators, ama-conditional (if, elif, else), kanye nama-loop (for and while) . Uzophinde uhlangane nokugoba ngokungenakugwenywa: ku-Python, amabhlogo achazwa ngokugoba, ngakho ukuxuba amathebhu nezikhala kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzobangela amaphutha. Lungiselela umhleli wakho ukuze asebenzise izikhala ezine futhi ukhohlwe ngamathebhu.
Iphrojekthi elula kakhulu kodwa ewusizo kulesi sigaba uhlelo oluncane olubuza iminyaka yomuntu bese lubuyisela isigaba (ingane, intsha, umuntu omdala, umuntu omdala), olune-loop ephinda umbuzo uma okufakiwe kungalungile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzijwayeze ukufaka nokukhipha idatha, ukuguqulwa kohlobo, izimo eziboshwe ngeketanga, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuyisisekelo.
Esigabeni sesi-2, uhlola izakhiwo zedatha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uhlu luzoba ithuluzi lakho eliyinhloko, isichazamazwi isikhali sakho esiyimfihlo sokumelela ama-key-value pairs , ama-tuple okuhlanganisa idatha engaguquki, kanye namasethi okusebenza ngamaqoqo ngaphandle kwama-duplicate. Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukudida i-`list.append()` ne-`list.extend()`, engenzi umsebenzi ofanayo futhi ithinta isakhiwo ngendlela ehlukile.
Ukuqonda uhlu nakho kuyasetshenziswa lapha, okukuvumela ukuthi udale uhlu olusha ngendlela emfushane nefundekayo. Uma uqonda kahle lokhu kuqonda futhi ukusebenzise ngokuhlakanipha, ikhodi yakho iqala ukubukeka njenge-"Python" futhi ingafani nokuhumusha okungokoqobo okuvela kwezinye izilimi.
Isigaba sesi-3 sijikeleza imisebenzi. Uzofunda ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani i-repetitive logic , usebenze nge-positional kanye ne-named arguments, amapharamitha azenzakalelayo, *args kanye ne-**kwargs, kanye nemisebenzi ye-lambda yezimo ezithile. I-pitfall yakudala isebenzisa izinto eziguquguqukayo njengenani elizenzakalelayo lamapharamitha, okuholela ekuziphatheni okumangazayo lapho wabelana ngesimo phakathi kwezingcingo. Isixazululo esijwayelekile ukusebenzisa i-None njengenani elizenzakalelayo bese udala isakhiwo esiguquguqukayo ngaphakathi komsebenzi.
Isigaba sesi-4 sethula ukuphikelela: uhlelo lwakho alusebenzi uma lulahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha yalo njalo uma luvala. Uzosebenza ngamafayela ombhalo, ukufunda nokubhala okuphephile usebenzisa amafayela athi `with`, JSON kanye ne-CSV, kanye nesizindalwazi esilula njenge-SQLite . Le ngxenye, yize mhlawumbe ingakhangi kangako, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngoba cishe yonke insiza yangempela idinga ukugcina idatha ndawana thize.
Isigaba sesi-5 sethula uhlelo oluqondiswe ezintweni. Lapha, uyeka ukubuka idatha njengezinto ezihlukanisiwe bese uqala ukuyihlanganisa ngezigaba ezinezimfanelo nezindlela. Uzoqonda ukuthi kunini lapho kunengqondo ukwenza imodeli yento ethile (isibonelo, umsebenzisi, i-oda, i-movie kukhathalogi yakho) nokuthi ungahlobanisa kanjani ukuziphatha okuthile naleyo datha . Uzobona nezindlela ezilula zofuzo nezindlela ezikhethekile ezifana ne-`__init__` noma i-`__str__`, kodwa awudingi ukungena ku-metaclasses noma amanye amasu athuthukile ngokushesha.
Okokugcina, iSigaba 6 sihilela ukubhekana nephrojekthi yangempela nokuyibona iphela. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lokuphatha ama-movie akho, izincwadi, ukujima, noma izindleko zomuntu siqu . Uzoqala ngesakhiwo esilula kakhulu bese usisandisa kancane kancane: kuqala uhlu nezichazamazwi, bese kuba isitoreji samafayela, kulandelwe isizindalwazi, ungqimba lwezinto, mhlawumbe ne-API noma isikhombikubona sezithombe phezulu. Into ebalulekile ukuthi uyiqede futhi uyibone isebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Imitapo Yolwazi Ye-Python, Uhlaka, kanye Ne-Ecosystem
Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ngePython inani elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi kanye nezinhlaka ezitholakalayo cishe kunoma iyiphi inkinga ongayicabanga. Ngaphambi kokubuza ukuthi yimuphi umtapo wolwazi "ongcono kakhulu," kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile inkinga ofuna ukuyixazulula . Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuqhathanisa kuba yinto encike kuphela kumuntu.
Ukuze sikunike umbono wakho konke okukhona, kunezinhlu ze-"awesome-python", ezihlanganisa amaphrojekthi amahle ngesigaba. Lapho uzothola izinketho zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, idatha, ukuhlolwa, ukuzenzekela, ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu, izixhumanisi zesithombe, nokunye okuningi.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, isibonelo, i-Python inezinhlaka ezaziwayo njenge -Django, i-Flask, kanye ne-Pyramid . Ngayinye inefilosofi yayo: i-Django ihlose ikhambi eliphelele, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezidingekayo; i-Flask incane futhi iguquguquka; kanti i-Pyramid inikeza indawo ephakathi elungisekayo kakhulu. Kukhona uhlu oluthile lwezinsiza kanye nezandiso zalolu hlaka ngalunye.
Ngokususa iwebhu, indlela evamile ukuhlanganisa izicelo ze-HTTP nokuhlaziywa kwe-HTML . Amathuluzi afana ne-Requests, kanye ne-Beautiful Soup noma izinhlelo ezifanayo, enza kube lula kakhulu lo msebenzi. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, i-Selenium iyasetshenziswa, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo iziphequluli zonke futhi usebenzise i-JavaScript ukuze ukhiphe ulwazi emakhasini ashukumisayo.
Uma unesithakazelo kuma-graphical user interface (GUIs), iwebhusayithi kaPython inikeza uhlu olubuyekeziwe lwamalabhulali okwakha amafasitela, amafomu, amamenyu, nezinye izingxenye zezithombe, kanye namathuluzi okuklama okubeka kalula la ma-interface.
Ukufunda okusebenzisanayo, umkhuba ophumelelayo, kanye namaphrojekthi alinganisiwe
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izincwadi namavidiyo amahle kangakanani, ngeke ufunde ukuhlela uma ungahleli . Lokhu kusho ukubhala ikhodi nsuku zonke, noma cishe nsuku zonke, noma ngabe kungokwesikhashana nje. Ukuzijwayeza njalo kubaluleke kakhulu kunezikhathi zokubuthana ngezikhathi ezithile zamahora namahora.
Isu eliwusizo kakhulu ukuphinda izivivinyo ezinezimo ezahlukene: idatha ehlukahlukene, izidingo, noma imikhawulo ikuphoqa ukuthi uqonde umqondo esikhundleni sokumane ukopishe futhi unamathisele ikhambi kusuka enkumbulweni. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukufunda ikhodi yabanye abantu, uzame ukuyiqonda, futhi, uma kudingeka, uyibhale kabusha ngendlela yakho.
Ukubhala phansi amaphutha akho avamile, uchaze ukuthi kungani esenzeka nokuthi uwaxazulule kanjani, kukusindisa isikhathi esikhathini esizayo. Ukwehluleka kuyingxenye yenqubo; empeleni, amaphutha aqondakala kahle afundisa okungaphezu kokuphumelela ngokushesha . Into ebalulekile ukungaphindi amaphutha afanayo ngomjikelezo.
Ngokuphathelene namaphrojekthi, ungawahlela ngokwamazinga:
- Amaphrojekthi alula: isibali esiyisisekelo, ijeneretha yamaphasiwedi, umdlalo wokuqagela, isihlaziyi sombhalo esilula, iskripthi esisesha amafayela kukhompyutha yakho.
- Amaphrojekthi aphakathi nendawo: i-scraper encane egcina idatha ku-CSV, umdlalo wamakhadi wohlobo lwe-Blackjack, i-data analyzer elula (ezezimali zomuntu siqu, imikhuba, amalogi emisebenzi), i-API encane enezindawo ezimbalwa zokugcina uma uthola ilukuluku ngewebhu.
- Amaphrojekthi athuthukileIwebhusayithi ephelele enobuqiniso kanye nesizindalwazi, okuzenzakalelayo okuhlanganisa ama-API angaphandle ahlukahlukene, i-chatbot esebenzayo, amadeshibhodi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ngezithombe, noma iphrojekthi yokufunda ngomshini ngesethi yedatha yangempela.
La maphrojekthi, ngaphezu kokukusiza ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwakho, aba yizingxenye ezibalulekile zephothifoliyo yakho yesikhathi esizayo . Kungcono ukuba namaphrojekthi ambalwa athuthukiswe kahle anekhodi enhle kanye nemibhalo ecacile kunenqwaba yezilingo ezingakaqedwa.
Umphakathi, amaforamu, kanye nendlela yokucela usizo ngaphandle kokushisa muntu
Umphakathi we-Python okhuluma iSpanishi usebenza kakhulu: izinkundla ezikhethekile, amaqembu ezinkundla zokuxhumana, izingxoxo zesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezinhlangano zasendaweni. Lapho ungabuza imibuzo, uthole isiqondiso, uthole ulwazi ngemicimbi, futhi wabelane ngentuthuko yakho . Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayibeka kanjani imibuzo yakho.
Ezinye iziqondiso eziyisisekelo ezizokusindisa wena nalabo abakusizayo ezinhlungwini zekhanda:
- Ungabuzi ukuthi "Ingabe ukhona uchwepheshe ku-X?"; Bhala umbuzo othize ngqo..
- Hlanganisa lonke ulwazi lube umlayezo owodwa, ngendlela ehlelekile, ukuze kube lula ukufunda.
- Chaza ukuthi ubuzama ukwenzani, ukuthi usuvele uzame ini, nokuthi imiphi imiphumela oyitholile.
- Uma kukhona amaphutha, faka i-traceback ephelele usebenzisa isevisi yokunamathisela ikhodi (i-pastebin, i-bpaste, i-repl.it, i-trinket, i-gist…) bese wabelana ngesixhumanisi kuphela.
- Faka ingxenye encane kakhulu yekhodi ephinda inkinga, hhayi yonke iphrojekthi yakho.
Uma ulayisha ikhodi yakho endaweni yokugcina imininingwane yomphakathi (isibonelo, ku-GitHub), ungabelana ngokuqondile ngesixhumanisi sefayela noma i-commit ethize . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngabanye ukubuyekeza, ukuphawula, ngisho nokuphakamisa izinguquko ngezicelo zokudonsa.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda i-Python futhi yiliphi izinga ongalifinyelela?
Izikhathi ziyiziqondiso, kodwa zisebenza ukukunikeza ukulindela okunengqondo. Intuthuko incike ekuzinikeleni kwakho, ulwazi lwakho lwangaphambilini, kanye nemigomo. Noma kunjalo, amazinga amathathu ayinhloko ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa.
Ezingeni labaqalayo, kufanele ukwazi ukuqonda kahle i-syntax eyisisekelo, izimo, ama-loop, imisebenzi elula, izakhiwo zedatha eziyisisekelo, kanye nokudala izikripthi ezincane . Uma uqala kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ufunda ngesikhathi sakho sokuphumula ngenkathi uhlanganisa umsebenzi noma ezinye izibopho, kuvamile ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile ngalezi zisekelo.
Izinga eliphakathi lihilela ukuphatha imisebenzi kanye nokuguqulwa kwemisebenzi ngobuchule, izakhiwo zedatha kanye nemisebenzi evamile, ukuphatha amaphutha ngokusebenzisa okuhlukile, ukusebenzisa amaphakheji angaphandle kanye nemitapo yolwazi, kanye nokusebenzisa ngempela uhlelo oluqondiswe ezintweni kumaphrojekthi . Ngomzamo oqhubekayo, ungafinyelela leli zinga ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kodwa okwenza umehluko inani kanye nohlobo lwamaphrojekthi owaqedile.
Izinga elithuthukile livame ukuhilela amakhono afana nokushintshana kwemali kanye nokulinganisa (kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza), ukwakheka kwephrojekthi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile, ukulungisa amaphutha ngokujulile, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, kanye nokukhethekile endaweni ethile (isayensi yedatha, i-AI, i-backend, ukuzenzekela, njll.). Leli zinga lithatha isikhathi eside ngoba lidinga ulwazi lwangempela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.
Amaphutha avamile lapho ufunda i-Python nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani
Uma ufuna ukuya kude ngePython, kubalulekile ukwazi izingibe ezivame kakhulu kusengaphambili. Abaqalayo abaningi bawela ogibeni lwezinqamuleli ezibonakala zisheshisa inqubo, kodwa empeleni, zidala ukukhungatheka okwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Phakathi kwamaphutha ajwayelekile yilawa:
- Ukugxumela emitatsheni yezincwadi ethuthukisiwe njengePandas, izinhlaka zewebhu, noma izihloko ze-AI ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile kwezisekelo zolimi.
- Ukufunda izifundo ngaphandle kokuvula umhleli nokubhala ikhodi ngesandla.
- Ukushintsha amathuluzi (ama-IDE, izifundo, izincwadi) njalo ngeviki ngaphandle kokuqeda lutho.
- Ukuzama ukukhumbula yonke into ngekhanda esikhundleni sokuqonda isizathu sale nto ngayinye.
- Qhathanisa intuthuko yakho yokuqala neyabantu asebeneminyaka behlela izinhlelo.
- Ukugwema ukubhekana namaphutha, esikhundleni sokuwahlaziya nokuqonda ukuthi asho ukuthini.
- Akuphumuli, uzama ukufunda ngokusebenzisa ama-marathon ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuze ulinganise intuthuko yakho ngaphandle kokudumazeka, gxila kulokho osukwazi ukukwakha ngolimi. Phinda izivivinyo eziguquguqukayo bese ubhala phansi izinto ezimbalwa ezintsha ozifundile isonto ngalinye. Lowo muzwa wentuthuko eqongelelekayo yiwo okugcina ukhuthazekile lapho izinto ziba nzima.
Ukukhetha inkambo noma incwadi enhle yePython
Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwePython kuholele ekugcwaleni kwezifundo, iziteshi zevidiyo, nezincwadi. Akuzona zonke izinto ezinekhwalithi efanayo noma indlela efanayo, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukubhekisisa ngaphambi kokutshala isikhathi noma imali.
Ezinye izindlela eziwusizo zokuhlola inkambo noma incwadi yePython yilezi:
- Imibono evela kubafundi bangaphambilini noma abafundiUkubheka izilinganiso kanye nokubuyekezwa kuzokunikeza umbono oqotho wokuthi leso sikole noma leso sifundo sifundiswa kahle kangakanani.
- Okuhlangenwe nakho kothisha kanye nephrofayiliKubalulekile ukuthi labo abafundisa i-Python bayisebenzise ngempela emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke futhi babe nekhono lokuyichaza ngokucacile.
- Isilabhasi ephelele nehlelwe kahleKufanele ihlanganise konke kusukela eziyisisekelo kuya ezihlokweni eziphakathi, okuhlanganisa imikhuba emihle kakhulu, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha, ukusetshenziswa komtapo wolwazi, kanye okungenani nephrojekthi eyodwa yangempela.
- Ingxenye ewusizoIthiyori ibalulekile, kodwa ngaphandle kwezivivinyo eziqondiswayo, izinselele, namaphrojekthi, ukufunda kuyasilela.
- Ukusekela kanye nesiqondisoUkukwazi ukubuza imibuzo nokuthola izimpendulo kwenza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo "ezisemathinini" ngaphandle kwempendulo.
Uzothola nezincwadi emakethe ezigxile ekuhlinzekeni isingeniso sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo solimi , kanye nezahluko ezinikezelwe ekusethweni kwemvelo, izinhlobo zedatha, izakhiwo, ukulawula ukugeleza, imisebenzi, amamojula, ukufaka nokukhipha amafayela, uhlelo oluqondiswe ezintweni, ukwenza ngcono ikhodi, kanye nemitapo yolwazi ewusizo. Eziningi zifaka izivivinyo kanye nemibuzo ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye ukuqinisa imiqondo.
Ukuze uthole izinsiza zamahhala, imibhalo esemthethweni (etholakala nangesiSpanishi), iziqondiso zesitayela ezifana ne-PEP 8, kanye namawebhusayithi akhethekile anezihloko ezijulile angabangane abafanele ngenkathi uhlela izinhlelo . Unganqikazi ukubheka imibhalo noma nini lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle: imibhalo kaPython mihle kakhulu.
Lonke lolu hambo—kusukela ekuqondeni ukuthi i-Python iyini kuya ekukhetheni izinsiza, ukuhlela inkambo, ukuzijwayeza ngamaphrojekthi, ukuthembela emphakathini, nokugwema izindlela ezinqamulelayo ezivimbela intuthuko yakho—lwenzelwe ukuthi ukwazi ukufunda ulimi ngobuhlakani nangaphandle kokucindezeleka, wakhe isisekelo esiqinile esizokuvumela ukuthi ugxile kudatha, iwebhu, ukuzenzekela, noma yini ekushukumisa kakhulu.
