Umhlahlandlela wokudweba imigqa namajamo ku-Photoshop

Uyafuna ukufunda ukudweba ku-Photoshop, kodwa awazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi? Ungakhathazeki, lapha uzothola isinyathelo ngesinyathelo Uyithuthukisa kanjani imifanekiso yakho yokuqala yedijithali usebenzisa lolu hlelo oludumile. Noma ngabe ungumuntu osaqalayo noma unolwazi oluthile namanye amasu, uzothola inkomba eqondile oyidingayo. Umhlahlandlela wokudweba imigqa namajamo ku-Photoshop.

I-Photoshop akuyona nje eyokuhlela izithombe: Kuyithuluzi elinamandla lobuciko elikunikezayo amathuba angenamkhawulo womdwebo wedijithali. Kusukela kumidwebo esheshayo kuya emisebenzini yobuciko eqediwe, Konke kungenzeka uma uyiqonda kahle imisebenzi yayo eyisihluthulelo futhi wazi kahle amathuluzi ayo awusizo kakhulu.. Lungela ukukhipha umculi wakho wangaphakathi futhi usebenzise zonke izinzuzo zomhlaba wedijithali.

Kungani udweba ku-Photoshop? Izinzuzo nezici

Ukudweba ku-Photoshop kushintshe indlela abaculi abaningi abakha futhi babelane ngayo ngomsebenzi wabo. Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise amasu endabuko nemiphumela yedijithali, udale umsebenzi wochwepheshe kusukela ekuqaleni noma ulethe imidwebo eskeniwe ekuphileni, futhi uzame ngenhlanganisela yemibala engenakwenzeka kumidiya ebonakalayo.

Futhi, Ukuba nesoftware enjalo eguquguqukayo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze isendlalelo ngokwesendlalelo, usebenzise izihlungi ezihlukile, wenze ngokwezifiso amabhulashi ukulingisa izinto ezingokoqobo ezifana nombala wamanzi, uwoyela, noma amalahle, futhi usebenzise amathuluzi okuhlela athuthuke kakhulu. Ukuthi isitayela sakho singokoqobo noma sikhathuni kakhulu, Uthola ukulawula okuphelele kukho konke ukushaywa kanye nayo yonke ingxenye yokwakheka kwakho.

Yini oyidingayo ukuze uqale ukudweba ku-Photoshop?

Ukuqalisa ngokudweba kwedijithali ku-Photoshop kudinga izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu, kodwa umuzwa uba ngcono kakhulu ngethebhulethi yezithombe. Nakuba ungaqala ngegundane, i ukuzwela kwengcindezi yethebhulethi (njenge-Wacom noma i-XP-Pen) ihlinzeka ngokwemvelo emivimbo, okuvumela ukuhlukahluka kokuqina nokuqina, njengokungathi usebenzisa ipensela ephepheni.

Kuyafaneleka:

• Inguqulo yakamuva ye-Photoshop (lapho kubuyekezwa ngokwengeziwe, ukufinyelela okungcono emisebenzini emisha yokudweba)
• Ithebhulethi yezithombe ehambisanayo, okungcono kube nokuzwela kahle kwengcindezi
• Ikhompyutha enenkumbulo eyanele, njengoba amafayela amakhulu noma anezendlalelo eziningi engabambezela inqubo
• Ukubekezela nesifiso sokuzama; izinqamuleli nokwenza ngokwezifiso kongela isikhathi njengoba uqhubeka

Ukusethwa Kwasekuqaleni: Ukulungiselela Indawo Yakho Yokusebenzela kanye Nekhanvasi

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokudweba ku-Photoshop ukwakha ifayela elisha, ukulungisa usayizi wekhanvasi nokulungiswa ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zakho. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ubukhulu obukhulu nokucaca okuphezulu ukuze usebenze ngokuningiliziwe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umphumela ulungele ukuphrinta noma ukushicilelwa ku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi.

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo:

• Ukufinyelela ku- Ifayela → Okusha ukwakha idokhumenti engenalutho
• Khetha ubukhulu (isibonelo: amaphikseli angu-3000 x 1500 noma amaphikseli angu-5000 x 3500)
• Khetha isixazululo esingu-300 dpi uma usifuna ukuze sinyatheliswe; ngokusetshenziswa kwewebhu, i-72 noma i-150 dpi ngokuvamile yanele.
• Khetha imodi yombala ye-RGB, elungele izikrini, noma i-CMYK uma indawo yakho yokugcina iphrinta.

Ukuze uthole ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe, ungasebenzisa ukusetha ngaphambilini kwe-Photoshop kwezobuciko nemifanekiso. noma uvumelanise amanani ngokuya ngephrojekthi ethile.

Ingabe ufuna ukulungisa ikhanvasi kamuva? Khetha ithuluzi Nqampuna futhi ulungise kalula indawo yakho yokusebenza, ngisho nangemva kokuba uqale umdwebo wakho.

Izendlalelo Zokuhlela: Imfihlo Yokugeleza Komsebenzi Ochwepheshe

Izendlalelo ze-Photoshop ziyisisekelo sokuhlela nokuvikela yonke into yomsebenzi wakho wobuciko. Sebenza ngezendlalelo ezihlukene zemidwebo, imigqa yokugcina, umbala, izithunzi, nemiphumela Ikunikeza ukuguquguquka kokwenza izinguquko kunoma yisiphi isigaba ngaphandle kokulimaza umsebenzi wangaphambilini..

Izincomo zokuhlela:

• Beka isendlalelo esimhlophe noma umbala oyisisekelo wesigameko ngemuva
• Dala izendlalelo ezintsha zesigaba ngasinye: umdwebo, ubuciko bomugqa, imibala eyinhloko, imininingwane, izithunzi nemiphumela
• Khiya izendlalelo ongafuni ukuzilungisa (isithonjana sokukhiya) futhi uziqambe ngendlela efanele ukuze ungadideki.
• Susa izendlalelo zokuhlola noma ezingadingekile ukuze ugcine ifayela lihlanzekile futhi lilula

Lesi sakhiwo sikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ithuluzi elithi Hambisa ukuze ubeke kabusha imivimbo, ushintshe ukufiphala kwezinto, uzungezise izinto, noma usule futhi uqale phezu kwengxenye ethile ngaphandle kokuthinta okunye.

Amathuluzi Abalulekile: Amabhulashi, Ama-erasers, kanye nezilungiselelo zangokwezifiso

Inhliziyo yomdwebo wedijithali ku-Photoshop amabhulashi: Ungakhetha kokuzenzakalelayo, ufake amaphekhi amahhala noma akhokhelwayo, noma udale awakho amabhulashi angokwezifiso ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho esiyingqayizivele.

Ungakhetha kanjani futhi wenze ngezifiso amabhulashi akho?

• Khetha Ithuluzi Lebhulashi (B): Finyelela ngokushesha iphaneli yebhulashi bese uzama izimo ezihlukene, ubulukhuni, nosayizi
• Shintsha ukujiya ngesikhathi sangempela: Sebenzisa okhiye bobakaki ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa usayizi ngenkathi upenda
• Setha ubulukhuni nokufiphala: Lungisa lawa manani kubha ephezulu ukuze wenze imiphetho ethambile noma eqinile kuye ngomthelela owufunayo.
• Kukhona ukuthungwa, i-gradient, ukufiphala kanye neminye imiphumela ekhethekile yamabhulashi. ukucebisa imifanekiso yakho

Ingabe ufuna ukuzwa okwengeziwe? Finyelela izilungiselelo zebhulashi ezithuthukisiwe ukuze wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukuziphatha kwebhulashi: ukushintshashintsha komumo, ukuhlakazeka, ukuthungwa, nokuma kwethiphu. Londoloza izilungiselelo ozithandayo ukuze uphinde uzisebenzise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukufaka amaphekhi ebhulashi achwepheshile alingisa ipensela, uyinki, umbala wamanzi, uwoyela, noma imithelela yomthunzi ngokuvele uhudulele ifayela elithi .ABR kuphaneli yamabhulashi.

Ukuqalisa: Kusukela ku-Sketch kuya ku-Line Art

Inqubo yokudweba ngokuvamile iqala ngomdwebo oyisisekelo, ngokuvamile kungqimba ehlukile enokukhanya okuphansi ukuze isekele imigqa yokugcina. Kunconywa ukuthi uqale ngebhulashi elilula, elinemivimbo emihle ebonakala kalula ngemuva.

Amathiphu okudweba okuhle ku-Photoshop:

• Sebenza ngebhulashi eliphakathi nendawo, ngaphandle kwemininingwane esheshayo.
• Sondeza futhi uphendukise ikhanvasi ngokhiye u-Z no-R ukuze uthole imivimbo enethezekile
• Uma wenza amaphutha, sebenzisa i-Control-Z ukuze uhlehlise noma Ithuluzi le-Eraser (E) ukusula ingxenye kuphela ye-stroke
• La Ithuluzi le-Lasso (L) ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe, uhambise futhi ubeke kabusha izingxenye zomdwebo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
• Uma wenelisekile ngohlaka olujwayelekile, yehlisa ukufiphala kwesendlalelo bese wengeza omusha emigqeni yokugcina.

Ubuciko bomugqa wokugcina kufanele wenziwe ngebhulashi elicolekile, elivamile, elimnyama., befuna ukunemba nokuhlanzeka ukuze baphawule amaphuzu okugcina alo mfanekiso.

Ireferensi ebonakalayo kanye nokulungiselela kwangaphambili

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukudweba emcabangweni wakho, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthembela kumareferensi ezithombe. Ungakwazi ukuvula isithombe esiyisethenjwa ku-Photoshop bese usibeka eduze kwekhanvasi, noma usebenzise amathuluzi angaphandle afana nalawa Umhlahlandlela wokudweba nokufaka imibala ku-Photoshop ukugcina imininingwane ebalulekile ibonwa.

Amathiphu okusebenza nezithenjwa:

• Yehlisa isithombe esiyisethenjwa sibe ububanzi obungu-500px ukuze singathathi isikrini esiningi.
• Sebenzisa izihlungi zobuciko (Isihlungi → Igalari Yesihlungi → Ubuciko → Nqampuna) ukuze wenze isithombe sibe lula sibe yizimo zejometri futhi sikusize uthwebule izilinganiso eziyinhloko.
• Phenya isithenjwa ngezikhathi ezithile (Isithombe → Zungezisa Canvas → Phenya Uvundlile) ukuze uthole amaphutha esakhiwo emdwebeni wakho

Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukwakha kahle izakhi futhi uqinisekise ukulingana okuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala imininingwane.

Ukufaka imibala ku-Photoshop: Amaqhinga Namasu Omsebenzi Wokuqedela

Uma usuqedile ubuciko bomugqa, sekuyisikhathi sokwengeza umbala emfanekisweni. I-Photoshop inikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zokufaka imibala ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kokudlula imiphetho, ikakhulukazi usebenzisa i- magic wand kanye nezifihlabuso.

Izinyathelo ezinconyiwe:

• Khetha indawo engaphakathi yomdwebo wakho nge-Magic Wand Tool (W); lungisa iTolerance uma kunesidingo ukumboza yonke indawo
• Guqula okukhethiwe (Khetha → Ukuhlanekezela) ukuze ugcine kuphela ingxenye ofuna ukuyifaka umbala
• Kusendlalelo esisha ngaphansi kobuciko bomugqa, gcwalisa ngombala oyisisekelo usebenzisa i Ibhakede likapende (G)
• Dala imaski yokusika (Alt + chofoza phakathi kwezendlalelo) ukugcina umbala ungaphakathi kwemikhawulo futhi usebenze ngokungabhubhisi

Ngale ndlela ungasebenzisa imibala ehlukene ku-elementi ngayinye ngaphandle kwengozi yokungcolisa ezinye izingxenye. Thatha ithuba lezendlalelo ezihlukene ukuze ungeze imininingwane, ama-gradients, nokuthungwa usebenzisa amabhulashi ahlukene kuye ngomphumela oyifunayo.

Indlela yokuxuba imibala futhi udale izinguquko ezibushelelezi

Ukhiye wokuthola umphumela ongokoqobo noma okhangayo obonakalayo ukuxutshwa kwemibala nokushelela kwama-gradient. I-Photoshop ihlanganisa amathuluzi amaningana alokhu, phakathi kwawo okuphawuleka kakhulu Ibhulashi Lokuhlanganisa.

Ukuze uhlanganise imibala:

• Faka umbala wesibili kunowokuqala kusendlalelo esifanayo noma kumaski wokunamathisela omusha
• Khetha i- Hlanganisa Ithuluzi Lebhulashi kuphaneli bese ulungisa ubulukhuni kanye nezinga lokuxuba
• Hudula ngobumnene ukuze uhlanganise imibala; zama amabhulashi athambile futhi aqinile ngemiphumela ehlukene
• Londoloza izilungiselelo zakho ozithandayo njengamabhulashi amasha njengoba kuchaziwe Ungawenza kanjani ubuciko be-pixel ku-Photoshop

Awudingi ukukhawulela imibala emibili: Ungabeka amathoni amaningi ngendlela othanda ngayo futhi udale ukuqedela okupendiwe noma okudijithali, kuye ngobuhle obufunayo.

Izithunzi nezibani: ivolumu ezandleni zakho

Ukuze umdwebo ube nokujula, kubalulekile ukusebenza emthunzini nezibani. Ku-Photoshop, indlela elula futhi evumelana nezimo kakhulu yokwenza lokhu yengeza izendlalelo ezintsha kumodi yokuhlanganisa ethi 'Phindaphinda' (yezithunzi) noma 'Isakhiwo' (sokukhanya).

Indlela yokwenza umthunzi ngokuphumelelayo:

• Dala isendlalelo esisha ngaphezu kombala wesisekelo (noma ngenhla kwemaski yokunamathisela)
• Yigcwalise ngomhlophe bese ushintsha imodi yokuhlanganisa ibe Yandisa; manje noma yikuphi ukushaywa kuzokwenza kube mnyama imibala engezansi ngaphandle kokuyimboza.
• Penda izindawo zethunzi ngokukhetha amathoni afudumele, apholile, noma angathathi hlangothi, kuye ngendawo ezungezile; gwema okumsulwa okumnyama ukuze ugcine ukubukeka kwemvelo.
• Ngokubekwe obala, sebenzisa isendlalelo kumodi yesikrini nemibala ekhanyayo noma egcwele kancane
• Ihlanganisa ithunzi namaphethelo akhanyayo ukuze kube izinguquko ezibushelelezi

Dlala ngamazinga ahlukene okukhanya futhi ngamabhulashi ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene kuyasiza ukudala izindawo ezingokoqobo noma ezenziwe ngesitayela ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho.

Uwuqeda kanjani umfanekiso: imiphumela, isizinda, kanye nokuthintwa kokuqeda

Uma umsebenzi oyinhloko usuqediwe, yisikhathi sokwengeza imiphumela, isizinda, nemininingwane ukuze uqedele umsebenzi wakho. I-Photoshop inikeza izihlungi ezihlukahlukene nokulungiswa kwalokhu:

• Lungisa ingemuva usebenzisa ama-gradients ombala ukuze udale ukujula nomoya.
• Engeza izinto ezengeziwe, izimila, noma ukwakheka ngamabhulashi athile noma izihlungi ezifana ne-Render → Tree
• Sebenzisa ukufiphala (Hlunga → Ukufiphalisa Ilensi) ukuze udale ukugxila okukhethiwe nomoya
• Ilawula ukufiphala kwezendlalelo ukuze ilingise ukubuka komkhathi
• Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izendlalelo, izinto eziyimpinda, futhi uzame ngezindlela zokuhlanganisa uze uzuze umphumela owufunayo.

Hlala ulondoloza ifayela lakho ngefomethi ye-PSD ukuze ugcine izendlalelo zihleleka futhi uma usuqedile, thekelisa ku-PNG noma ku-JPEG ukuze wabelane kunkundla yezokuxhumana noma kuphothifoliyo yakho.

Amabhulashi nezisetshenziswa ezinconyiwe ze-Photoshop

Enye yezinzuzo ezinhle ze Photoshop ithuba lokwandisa amandla ayo ngamaphekhi ebhulashi namaphakethe wokuthungwa. Kukhona amaqoqo epensela, uyinki, umbala wamanzi, ukufiphaza, noma imithelela eqinisayo engakongela isikhathi esiningi futhi yenze kube lula ukuzuza imiphumela emangalisayo.

Izinhlobo zamabhulashi ezidumile:

• Amabhulashi obuciko kanye ne-matte: alingisa izinto zendabuko futhi uvumele izinhlobonhlobo zokuqeda
• Amabhulashi epensela: Alungele ukudweba kanye nobuciko bomugqa, amanye alungiselelwe ukuthungwa
• Amabhulashi e-shading: alungele ukuthungwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela emifanekisweni emincane kuya kubuciko be-photorealistic
• Amabhulashi kayinki: Nikeza ukubukeka kwakudala koyinki, kodwa ngakho konke ukuguquguquka kwedijithali
• Amabhulashi e-Stippling: okudala imiphumela ye-shading esekelwe kumachashazi, alungele ukufeza isiphetho esivamile ngaphandle komzamo owenziwe ngesandla.

Ungalanda futhi ufake lawa maphekhi kumasayithi athenjwayo noma uzenzele awakho ngokulungisa izilungiselelo ukuze zifanele isitayela sakho kangcono.

Amathuluzi Athuthukile: Ipeni Nezimo Zemifanekiso Enembile

I-Photoshop ayinawo amandla okudweba kwamahhala: sibonga Ithuluzi Lokubhala ungakha ama-vector stroke anembile. futhi uziguqule zibe okukhethiwe, ukulandelelwa noma izibalo eziqinile.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iPeni?

• Khetha Ithuluzi Lepeni (P) bese uqala ukwakha amaphuzu okubambelela ukuze wakhe imigqa eqondile noma egobile.
• Hudula izibambo ukuze ulungise ukugoba nesiqondiso se-stroke ngayinye
• Sebenzisa inketho yendlela yokuvala ukuze udale umumo ovaliwe futhi uwagcwalise ngombala ngokuzenzakalela.
• Londoloza izindlela kuphaneli ehambisanayo ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela noma ukuphinda usebenzise noma kunini.
• Guqula noma iyiphi indlela iye ekukhetheni ukunqampuna okunembayo noma ukudweba ngaphakathi kwemimo echazwe kahle

Ukwengeza, Ithuluzi Lomumo (U) likuvumela ukuthi ungeze izinto eziyisisekelo ezifana nonxande, ama-ellipses, amapholygoni noma umumo wangokwezifiso., hlela ngendlela oyifisayo imingcele yazo kanye nokugcwalisa, futhi ukuhlanganise usebenzisa imisebenzi ye-Boolean (engeza, khipha, nqamula). Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezithonjaneni, amalogo, noma izingcezu zedizayini yobuchwepheshe.

Imikhawulo nezici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho udweba ku-Photoshop

Nakuba i-Photoshop iyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu, inemikhawulo ethile uma umgomo wakho uwumdwebo wedijithali omsulwa. Amanye amaphuzu okufanele uwacabangele:

• Ijika lokufunda lingaba ngumqansa ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi uze ukwazi zonke izinqamuleli namamenyu.
• Amaphrojekthi anezendlalelo eziningi noma amaphrojekthi asinda kakhulu angabambezela uhlelo kuye ngamathuluzi.
• Umumo weVector kanye nemifanekiso enwebekayo kusetshenzwa kangcono kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezizinikele ezifana ne-Illustrator.
• Amathuluzi okudweba aqondakala kakhulu akuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Procreate, ikakhulukazi kumathebulethi.
• Akukho ukusebenzisana kwesikhathi sangempela njengakumapulatifomu akhethekile aku-inthanethi.
• Ayihloselwe imidwebo, amamephu engqondo noma izikimu zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Nakuba inale mikhawulo, ukusebenzisana kwe-Photoshop kanye nomphakathi oyisekelayo kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubadwebi bezithombe, abaklami bezithombe, nabaculi bedijithali.

Amathiphu engeziwe okuthuthukisa amakhono akho okudweba edijithali

Ukuba ngumculi we-Photoshop onekhono kuthatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza, kodwa amaqhinga ambalwa azokusiza ukuthi uthuthuke ngokushesha:

• Hlala njalo ugcine izendlalelo zakho zihlelekile futhi uziqoqe ngezigaba noma izakhi
• Gcina izipele njalo (Control-S) nezinguqulo zefayela
• Funda izinqamuleli zekhibhodi ukushintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwamathuluzi futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle kwakho
• Vula izinsiza zangaphandle ukuze uthole ugqozi nokufunda ngokusebenzisa izifundo kanye nomsebenzi ovela kwabanye abaculi
• Hlola ngamabhulashi, izindlela zokuhlanganisa, namamaski ukuthola izitayela ezintsha nemiphumela
• Nikeza amagama acacile izendlalelo futhi isusa ezingadingekile ekugcineni
• Sebenzisa izinkomba ezibonakalayo ukuthuthukisa izingoma zakho, noma ngabe kamuva uthuthukisa isitayela sakho

Khumbula lokho lonke iphutha liyithuba lokufunda futhi? ukubekezela, ukusungula izinto nokuzijwayeza njalo ziwukhiye wenqubekelaphambili kwezobuciko bedijithali.

Ukuthumela nokwabelana ngomsebenzi wakho: amafomethi namathiphu

Uma usuwuqedile umdwebo wakho, sekuyisikhathi sokuwuthekelisa futhi uwubonise emhlabeni. I-Photoshop ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ngefomethi ye-PSD ukuze ugcine izendlalelo futhi uphinde uthumele amakhophi nge-PNG noma i-JPEG kuye ngenjongo.

Izincomo:

• Hlanganisa izendlalelo ongasazidingi ukuze unciphise usayizi ngaphambi kokuzithekelisa
• Shintsha usayizi wesithombe sewebhu uma kunesidingo (kunconywa ububanzi obungu-1000 px ezinkundleni zokuxhumana)
• Khetha i-PNG yokubonisa ngale noma ikhwalithi ephezulu, kanye ne-JPEG yamafayela amancane.
• Londoloza izinguqulo ezinosayizi ogcwele ezilungiselelwe iwebhu noma inkundla yezokuxhumana

Okokugcina, yabelana ngomsebenzi wakho emiphakathini yezobuciko kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana ukuze uthole impendulo futhi wandise inethiwekhi yakho.

Ukubusa ukudweba kanjani ku-Photoshop Kudinga ukuzijwayeza, ukuhlola, nokubekezela. Usuvele wazi ukuthi ungasetha kanjani isikhala sakho, ukhethe futhi uguqule amabhulashi, usebenze ngezendlalelo namamaski, sebenzisa umbala, hlanganisa amathoni, futhi wengeze imiphumela. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, isinyathelo ngasinye esiya phambili sizokuyisa emhlabeni wobuciko bedijithali.