Umthombo: The Creative Greenhouse
Uma usebenza ngomklamo wezithombe, uzokwazi ukuthi ukuphrinta isikrini kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu somsebenzi wakho. Kodwa ingabe uke wema ukuze ucabange ngomsuka wokuphrinta kwesikrini? Yasungulwa kuphi futhi yavela kanjani eminyakeni edlule?
Nokho, yilokho esifuna ukukhuluma ngakho nawe ngokulandelayo, ukuze uqonde ukuthi ishintshwe kanjani, ukuthi yayinjani ekuqaleni, nokuthi injani manje, kanye nokuthi kungani ibe nomthelela ekuklanyweni kwezithombe. Siqale?
Umsuka wokuphrinta isikrini
Umsuka wokuphrinta isikrini usiyisa emazweni aseMpumalanga. Futhi kungukuthi izimpande ezindala kakhulu, futhi Le ndlela yokuphrinta yavela eShayina. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi okuqala okuphrinta ama-stencil, avela kuleli zwe futhi ahlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-10, ikakhulukazi i-Song Dynasty.
Kwenzekani phakathi naleso sikhathi? Nokho, izingcweti zasebenzisa ama-stencil ayesikwa ephepheni noma endwangu, futhi, ngawo, afaka umbala ukuze enze imiklamo ephindaphindwayo. Lezi zazithunjwe ngosilika noma ezinye izinto.
Kamuva, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Bayeka ukusebenzisa iphepha nendwangu base befaka inetha likasilika elicolekile. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi le nto yayibambe uyinki kangcono futhi iphinde ivumele idizayini ukuthi ibe nesiphetho esihle futhi esinemininingwane eyengeziwe (ngoba ayizange iphumele ngaphandle, ngakho-ke kwakungekho phutha kuyo).
Ukusuka e-China, ukuphrinta kwesikrini kudluliselwe eJapan. Kwakukuleli zwe lapho kwaqala khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, njengoba yafezwa futhi yajwayela ukuhlobisa izindwangu, ikakhulukazi endabeni ye-kimonos. Kodwa futhi badala amasu amasha asekelwe ekuphrinteni kwesikrini. Injalo indaba ka indlela katazome.
Le ndlela yayihilela ukusebenzisa ama-stencil, yebo, kodwa futhi yayihilela ukunamathisela okungangeni manzi okwakusetshenziswa izingcweti zokuvala izingxenye ezithile zendwangu ngaphambi kokuba zigcobe udayi. Futhi kwakungenxa yani lokho? Ukuvimbela udayi ekufinyeleleni lezo zingxenye zendwangu, ukuze zigcine umbala ofanayo noma umthunzi futhi zingaklama ngendlela ethuthukisiwe.
Ukuphrinta isikrini eYurophu naseMelika
Kufanele sikutshele ukuthi, kusukela lapho ukuphrinta kwesikrini kwakhiwa ngekhulu le-10, kuze kufike e-Europe naseMelika, iminyaka eminingi, eminingi yadlula. Ngokusho kwedatha egciniwe, akubanga njalo Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18 lapho ukunyatheliswa kwesikrini kwafinyelela eYurophu ngoSilk Road.
Ngaleso sikhathi, le nqubo yokunyathelisa yayingasasetshenziselwa izingubo zokugqoka kuphela, kodwa futhi nokunyathelisa iphepha lodonga nezinye izinto ezaziqala ukubaluleka.
Futhi uma yafika eYurophu ngekhulu le-18, yafika eMelika kamuva kakhulu, ekhulwini lama-20. Yilapho esingasho khona ukuthi yavela kancane, ikakhulukazi e-United States, lapho ezinye izingcweti zaqala ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amasha nezinto zokwakha ezathuthukisa ukuphrinta kwesikrini kwekhulu le-10.
Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1907 INgisi uSamuel Simon ugunyaze inqubo yokuphrinta esekelwe kuzikrini zikasilika ukuthi babenendlela yokuvimba ezinye izindawo ukuze kudlule uyinki kuphela ezindaweni ezifunwayo, hhayi zonke.
Ngo-1930, le nqubo yathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-emulsions e-photosensitive.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ukunyathelisa kwesikrini kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingqwembe zenkulumo-ze nezinto eziningi zokwaziswa.
Indlela okuvele ngayo
Njengoba ubonile, ukuphrinta kwesikrini kwaqala ukuvela kusukela ngesikhathi kuphuma e-China kuya e-Japan futhi ukusuka lapho kuya eYurophu futhi ikakhulukazi eMelika. Ukwakhiwa kwama-ink nezinto zokwakha ezintsha, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokwenziwa kwe-stencing, kwakuvumela ukuba ivumelane nezidingo zangaleso sikhathi, okwenza isebenze kahle futhi ifinyeleleke.
Isibonelo, i ukusetshenziswa kweziyinki zokwenziwa, Esikhundleni samafutha, ayekwazi ukumelana nezinto ezifana nelanga noma umswakama, okusho ukuthi ayengasasetshenziselwa indwangu noma iphepha kuphela, kodwa futhi ipulasitiki nengilazi.
Okunye ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaba amameshi asetshenziswe ekuphrinteni kwesikrini. Njengoba sanitshela ngaphambili, ayenziwe ngosilika. Kodwa lapho inayiloni ne-polyester ifika ngawo-1940, yashintsha usilika ngoba yayishibhile, ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi inembe kakhudlwana.
Ukuphrinta isikrini kubuciko besimanje
Ukukhuluma ngokuphrinta kwesikrini kanye nobuciko besimanje ukusho igama le Andy Warhol, owandisa le ndlela yokunyathelisa ngobuciko. Eqinisweni, wasebenzisa ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika ekukhiqizeni ubuso, njengo-Elizabeth Taylor noma u-Marilyn Monroe.
Eqinisweni, ukusebenzisa kukaWarhol isikrini sikasilika ukuze aphindaphinde abantu abaningi kanye nokukhiqiza kabusha kuthiwa kuye kwabangela ukunyakaza kwe-Pop Art.
Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kanye nomklamo wesithombe
Namuhla, ukuphrinta isikrini kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezithombe, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokumaketha kanye nokukhangisa.
Ukuphrinta amalogo nemilayezo emikhiqizweni ethengiswayo, njengezikibha, izikhwama zokugqoka, noma imikhiqizo yokuphromotha, kubalulekile ekudaleni isithombe somkhiqizo. Futhi lapha ukuphrinta kwesikrini kudlala indima yako, okuvumela imibala ukuthi iqine futhi ingagugi.
Ngokuqondene nokukhangisa, ukudalwa nokuphrinta kwamaphosta, amabhanela, nezimpawu zangaphandle yizona ezivame kakhulu. Inhloso lapha wukudonsa ukunaka komphakathi ngezindlela ezibanzi, yingakho kunesidingo sokuqedwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Kodwa nakuba ukunyathelisa kwakuvame ukuba okwephepha kakhulu, lokhu manje sekushintshile, futhi ukunyathelisa kwesikrini manje kungatholakala ezintweni ezingajwayelekile, njengokhuni, ingilazi, noma insimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuseyona indlela yodwa. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinye, njengeqiniso le- ukuphrinta kwedijithali noma ukuphrinta kwe-offset. Noma kunjalo, kuma-oda wevolumu enkulu noma ama-oda ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuya ngokuqina kombala nokuqina, kuhlala kuyisinqumo esikhethwa kwabaningi, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukuphrinta ezintweni ezahlukahlukene noma usebenzise oyinki abakhethekile, njengokunamathiselwe, insimbi, noma i-fluorescent.
Manje njengoba usuwazi umsuka wokuphrinta isikrini nokuthi uthuthuke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyakubona ukubaluleka kwakho ekwakhiweni kwezithombe?