Ezweni lokuklama, kukhona okubili amasu ahlukene futhi athandwa kakhulu ukudala, ukugcina nokucubungula izithombe zedijithali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona okuthiwa yi-bitmap kanti ngakolunye isithombe se-vector. Isithombe se-Bitmap siphakathi kwesabalalise kakhulu, amafomethi wesithombe ayinhloko angalandwa ku-inthanethi awaleli qembu, isibonelo izithombe ze-JPEG, GIF noma ze-PNG. Amanye amafomethi afana ne-PDF noma i-SVG ayingxenye yesithombe se-vector.
Kulesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba wezithombe ze-Bitmap, ububanzi bayo kanye nezici eziyinhloko. Injongo iwukuqonda ngokujula okwengeziwe ububanzi nemikhawulo yalolu hlobo lwefayela. Qonda umehluko nokusetshenziswa ngakunye kwalezi zithombe ezingakusiza ngakho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi emsebenzini wakho wokuklama.
Isithombe se-Bitmap, incazelo kanye nobubanzi
La isithombe se-bitmap Yaziwa nangegama elithi isithombe se-raster noma i-bitmap. Yakhiwe ngegridi enamaphikseli, wonke ahlelwe ngegridi. Iphikseli ngayinye eyingxenye ye-bitmap inombala oqondile omelwe inani. Ngokusondeza isithombe ungabona ngokucacile iphikseli ngayinye. Lapho inani lamaphikseli liphezulu ngesithombe ngasinye, ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.
Ngokungafani nesithombe se-vector, isithombe se-Bitmap Inegridi yayo echazwe kahle futhi igcina ikhwalithi engashintshi. Ngokukhulisa nokunciphisa isithombe, sizobona ukuthi amaphikseli aphindaphindeka noma ahlukaniswe njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izithombe zevekhtha zisekelwe kumafomula ezibalo futhi ukulungiswa kwazo akupheli, futhi zingashintshwa ngokuya ngobukhulu obudingwa umsebenzisi ngamunye.
Izithombe ze-Bitmap zisetshenziselwa ini?
Izithombe ze ifomethi ye-bitmap ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushicilelweni lapho ukuncishiswa kwekhwalithi kungabalulekile uma usondeza. Isibonelo, ziyizithombe ezivame kakhulu kuwebhusayithi, lapho kubalulekile ukuthi isithombe sibukeke sisihle futhi sibe nokulungiswa okufana nombhalo noma ukushicilelwa. Kodwa uma umsebenzisi efuna ukusondeza, akunandaba ukuthi ikhwalithi iyahlupheka. Isithombe se-bitmap sisabalele kakhulu ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuhlobene kakhulu nokwenzeka kokugcwalisa izikhala nokushicilelwa okuku-inthanethi okufana namabhulogi noma amakhasi ewebhu.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zesithombe se-bitmap
Lezi zinhlobo zezithombe zinekhono elimangalisayo lokumela iqiniso. Ngokuvamile ziboniswa njengenye ye izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zezithombe ezisukela ezithombeni nezethulo, ukuzuza izinga eliphezulu lemininingwane ngokujwayelekile kanye nokushicilelwe okubonisiwe okunwetshiwe.
Ububi besithombe se-Bitmap
Ngasohlangothini olungeluhle, isithombe se-Bitmap sibuye sibe nezinto ezihlukile. Okokuqala iqiniso lokuthi ukungakwazi ukusondeza noma ukukhulisa njengoba ikhwalithi iwohloka Ngokuphawulekayo, izithombe ze-bitmap zenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthi zibukwe ekulungisweni kwasekuqaleni.
Ezinye izithombe ze-bitmap Akuzona ezekhwalithi eyanele ukuthi zingaphrintwa. Kulezi zimo, uma siphrintiwe isithombe sivela senziwe ngephikiseli kakhulu futhi kuba nzima ukuthola imininingwane engabonakala kuwebhu.
Okunye okubi ukuthi izithombe eziku-BMP noma ngefomethi yekhwalithi ephezulu, Basinda kakhulu. Izithombe zeVector ngalo mqondo zisebenza kakhulu futhi ziyashesha ukudlulisa zisuka kuyunithi eyodwa noma endaweni yokugcina ziye kwenye.
I-Vectorization noma i-rasterization
Emhlabeni wokuklama izithombe nobuchwepheshe, sikhuluma ngezinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene: i-vectorization kanye ne-rasterization. Eyokuqala inqubo yokuguqulwa lapho isithombe se-bitmap siguqulwa sibe isithombe se-vector. Kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi befayela, i-vectorization ingenziwa ngesandla ngezinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ngokwenza. Inqubo yezandla inconywa ezithombeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lapho ukunaka imininingwane kubalulekile. Ezinhlelweni ze-vectorization ezizenzakalelayo ezinye izinhlaka zingabalekela uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ngokuphambene, inqubo ye-rasterization ihlanganisa ukuguqula izithombe ze-vector zibe ama-bitmaps. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu futhi iyazenzakalela, njengoba ihilela ukunciphisa ikhwalithi namandla okuhlela ezithombe kwezinye izici.
Iziphetho ze-Bitmap
Isithombe se-Bitmap siwusizo ngokukhethekile futhi siyanconywa ngokuthatha izithombe noma ukudubula izigcawu zevidiyo. Kuye ngenani lamabhithi anikezelwe ku-pixel yegridi ngayinye, i-bitmap ingase ibe nemibala ethile. Ngale ndlela, obunye bobuchwepheshe besithombe obubaluleke kakhulu buthuthukisiwe futhi buvumele ukuthuthukiswa kwezingcezu ezihlukene zobuciko bedijithali kanye nezwe lemidlalo yevidiyo. Ukufunda ukuthola okuningi kusithombe ngasinye se-Bitmap, ukusuka ku-PNG ne-GIF kuya ku-JPG, kuyingxenye yolwazi lokuthuthukisa amasu okuklama nezinye izindlela.