Ubudlelwano phakathi kobuciko, imizwa, kanye nobuciko buyisisekelo sezingxoxo eziningi zemfundo, ezenhlalo, kanye namasiko namuhla. Akukhona nje ukujabulela umdwebo noma ikhonsathi, kodwa kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi yonke le ndawo yobuciko ithonya kanjani indlela esicabanga, esizizwa ngayo, kanye nesisombululo ngayo izinkinga empilweni yangempela. Kunobufakazi besayensi obukhulayo obubonisa ukuthi ubuciko bungaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa kokubili amakhono ethu okudala kanye nokuhlakanipha kwethu ngokomzwelo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izikhungo ezifana neBotín Foundation kanye neYale University zikhuthaze ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze ziqonde, ngokuningiliziwe, indima edlalwa yimizwa enkambisweni yokudala nokuthi singayisebenzisa kanjani ubuciko ukuze sihlakulele leyo mizwa. Lokhu kuhambisana nezindlela zokwenza izinto eziningi, njengemihlangano yokudala kanye nezinqubo zokuqeqesha ngokomzwelo, ezigcizelela ukuzazi, inhlalakahle, kanye nokuguqulwa komuntu siqu ngokuveza ubuciko. Umphumela uba insimu ecebile lapho ingqondo, imfundo, isiko, ngisho nezomnotho kuhlangana khona.
Kungani imizwa iyisihluthulelo sokudala
Ucwaningo oluhlangene lwe-Botín Foundation kanye ne-Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence luvela embonweni ocacile kakhulu: ukuphatha imizwa kwenza kube lula ubuciko ngempumelelo . Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, befunda ukuthi izimo zemizwa zithonya kanjani ukwakheka kwemibono, ukuhlonza izinkinga, kanye nekhono lokuqhubeka nomzamo lapho ubhekene nezithiyo nokukhungatheka. Ngamanye amazwi, akwanele ukuba nemibono emihle: udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokuphakama nokwehla ngokomzwelo okuhambisana nanoma iyiphi inqubo yokudala.
Kulo modeli wethiyori, ubuciko buqondwa njengenqubo lapho imizwa inikela khona ngolwazi namandla. Ukukhungatheka, isithukuthezi, noma ukudabuka akuzona ngempela izitha zobuciko; kungaba izimpawu ezisimema ukuba sibheke izinto ngendlela ehlukile, sishintshe isu lethu, noma singene shí esihlokweni. Isihluthulelo sisekuhlakanipheni kwemizwelo: ukuhlonza lokho esikuzwayo, ukukuqamba igama, ukuqonda ukuthi kuvelaphi, nokunquma ukuthi singakusebenzisa kanjani ukuze sizuze esikhundleni sokubanjwa yikho.
Ucwaningo luphinde lugcizelele ukuthi ukuphathwa kwemizwelo akuyona ithalente eliyimfihlakalo elinabo kuphela ochwepheshe abambalwa. Izifundo ezahlukahlukene, njengalezo ezenziwe nguBrackett, uRivers, noSalovey, zibonise ukuthi amakhono emizwelo angafundwa, aqeqeshwe, futhi ahlanzwe . Ngezinhlelo ezithile, abantu bathuthukisa ikhono labo lokubona imizwa, bayiveze ngendlela efanele, balawule ukuqina kwayo, futhi bayisebenzise ngendlela efanele ukuze babhekane nezinselele zokudala nezansuku zonke.
Kusukela kulo mbono, ubuciko buyayeka ukuba yilungelo labaculi abaphezulu nososayensi futhi bube yikhono eliyisisekelo lomuntu . Empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, sonke sidinga ukwakha izixazululo, sicabange kabusha ngezimo, futhi sifune izindlela ezintsha lapho ezindala ziyeka ukusebenza. Futhi kuzo zonke lezo zikhathi, imizwa yethu ikhona, ithonya indlela esicabanga futhi senze ngayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyayithanda noma cha.
I-World Economic Forum igcizelele leli qiniso ngokufaka ubuciko, ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye namakhono ezenhlalo nemizwa phakathi kwamakhono abalulekile emnothweni wesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi asikhulumi nje ngenhlalakahle yomuntu siqu, kodwa nesidingo sezenhlalo nesobungcweti: ngaphandle kwezingqondo zokudala nezihlakaniphile ngokomzwelo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuguqulwa kwedijithali, kanye nokungalingani okukhula.
Ubuciko njengethuluzi lokuqeqesha imizwa nobuciko
Inkolelo-mbono yeBotín Foundation kanye neYale ayicacile: ubuciko buyithuluzi elikhethekile lokufundisa imizwa nokukhuthaza ubuciko . Ngokupenda, ukubaza, umculo, amafilimu, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, noma umdanso, abantu bangaxhumana nemizwa eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela ephephile, engokomfanekiso, nevuselelayo. Akudingeki ube ngumculi ochwepheshe; mane uhlanganyele, ubuke, futhi uzivumele ukuthintwe yilokho okwenzekayo kokuhlangenwe nakho kobuciko.
Ngale ndlela, abantu abanjengoPablo Picasso noStanley Kubrick sebevele beqonda okuthile okuqinisekiswa yisayensi manje. UPicasso uchaze abaculi ngokuthi "izinto ezibangela imizwa" kanye nezindlela zokuguquka , kuyilapho uKubrick eqhathanisa i-cinema nomculo, ebheka njengokulandelana kwemizwa lapho indaba noma incazelo ifakwa khona kamuva. Le mibono ikhombisa ukuthi imizwa ayiyona into ehlobisa ubuciko , kodwa iyinhloko yayo, amandla ashukumisayo ngemuva komdali nombukeli.
Ngokwakhela phezu kwalesi sisekelo, ithimba laseYale Center for Emotional Intelligence, ngokubambisana neBotín Foundation, liklame ama-workshop nezinhlelo zemfundo ezisebenzisa ubuciko njengelabhorethri yemizwa nokudala. Izingane, intsha, kanye nabantu abadala basebenza ngobuciko obubonakalayo, umculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, kanye neminye imikhakha ukuthuthukisa amakhono afana nokubuka, ukucabanga okuhlanganayo, ukuguquguquka kwengqondo, kanye nekhono lokucabangela imibono ehlukene enkingeni efanayo.
Umgomo oyinhloko walezi zinhlelo ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokubona nokuchaza imizwa . Abahlanganyeli bamenywa ukuba babuke izinhlobo eziningi zobuciko futhi babelane ngemizwa yabo, lokho abakholelwa ukuthi ubuciko bukuveza, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibonakalayo, ezizwakalayo, noma ezilandisayo ezivusa imizwa ethile. Ngale ngxoxo, abantu bathola ukuthi umsebenzi ofanayo ungaveza izimpendulo zemizwa ezihlukene kakhulu kuye ngomlando wabo, ubudlelwano bangaphakathi, noma izinga lokunaka.
Inhloso yesibili enkulu ukufunda ukusebenzisa ngamabomu imizwa enkambisweni yokudala ngokwayo . Isibonelo, abahlanganyeli bacelwa ukuba bacabange ngenkinga yangempela evezwe emsebenzini wobuciko bese bebuyela emuva ukuze bayibuke ngombono ohlukile. Basebenza ngemizwa efana nokudabuka, ukukhungatheka, kanye nesithukuthezi, behlola izinhlobo zemicabango ezivame ukuhambisana nazo nokuthi le mizwa ingaqhuba noma ivimbele kanjani imisebenzi ethile yokudala. Kokunye kokuzivocavoca okunamandla kakhulu, abahlanganyeli bakhetha umsebenzi wobuciko omele ukungqubuzana kwabo kanye nomunye omele ikhambi elihle. Bese becelwa ukuba bakhe isithombe sesithathu, esiphakathi esixhumanisa lokhu okubili, ngaleyo ndlela baqeqeshe ukucabanga kwabo okuhlanganisa kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza izindlela ezihlukile.
Izinhlelo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Botín Centre
Wonke lo msebenzi wethiyori uphethe ngokunikezwa kwezinhlelo , imisebenzi, kanye nama-workshop athile kakhulu athuthukiswa yiBotín Centre ezinganeni, intsha, abantu abadala kanye nemindeni. Kugcizelelwa ukusebenzisa ucwaningo empilweni yangempela: ukuthi abantu bashiye ulwazi hhayi nje kuphela ngolwazi olwengeziwe, kodwa futhi namakhono acwengekile ngokomzwelo nawokudala, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngendlela ehlukile yokubuka umhlaba.
Emkhakheni wezobuciko obubonakalayo, isibonelo, imisebenzi ethile yenzelwe ukuqeqesha ukuqaphela nokucabanga okujulile . Akukhona nje ukufunda amasu okudweba noma okupenda, kodwa mayelana nokuqaphela imininingwane, izici ezihlukile, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezimo nemibala obungavame ukunganakwa. Lokhu kunakwa okujulile kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwemibono yokuqala, ikhono lokungabaza okusobala, kanye nokuvuleleka ekuchazeni okusha kweqiniso elifanayo.
Lezi zingxoxo zokufundisa zihlose futhi ukusiza abantu ukuba bazizwele mathupha ukwehla nokwehla kwemizwelo yenqubo yokudala . Esikhundleni sokuzama ukugwema ukungakhululeki, basebenza ngakho: kwenzekani lapho umsebenzi ungaphumeleli njengoba kulindelekile, indlela yokuphatha ukuzigxeka ngokweqile, indlela ukuziqhathanisa nabanye okuthinta ngayo isisusa sethu, kanye nezinsiza zangaphakathi esingazithola lapho sizizwa sivinjelwe ngumlobi. Umgomo uwukuba umhlanganyeli ngamunye akhe ubudlelwano obunempilo nobuguquguqukayo nobuhlakani bakhe.
Isibonelo sale ndlela sibonakale ngokucacile eMhlanganweni Wesibili Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wobuciko, Imizwa, Nokudala, ohlelwe yiBotín Centre kanye neYale Center for Emotional Intelligence. Ngaphezu kwezinkulumo zemfundo, kwanikezwa imihlangano yokufundisa okuhlangenwe nakho, eholwa yithimba leBotín Centre kanye nabaculi abanjengoMarta Fernández Calvo noMafalda Saloio , abaletha imibono ekuphileni ngemisebenzi ehilela ukunyakaza, ukuqamba kabusha, ukubuka, nokudlala. Abahlanganyeli bakwazile ukuzibonela mathupha ukuthi ubuciko buvusa kanjani ukumangala, ilukuluku, kanye nenhlalakahle, nokuthi le mizwa ikhuthaza kanjani ngqo ikhono lokudala.
Umhlangano uhlanganise abacwaningi nochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene—imfundo, ibhizinisi, impilo, ubuciko, kanye nobuchwepheshe—bonke babelana ngentshisekelo efanayo: ukuqonda ubuciko njengamandla aguqulayo akwazi ukudala izinguquko ezinhle kubantu kanye nomphakathi. Lo mbono uhambisana kahle nomsebenzi wezenhlalo weBotín Centre, efisa ukuba yisilinganiso samazwe ngamazwe lapho ubuciko busetshenziswa khona ukukhuthaza intuthuko yabantu hhayi nje njengento yokucatshangelwa ngobuhle.
Ubuciko obungaphezu kobuciko: ikhono lokuphila
Omunye wemibono eyathinta kakhulu lowo mhlangano, futhi ebuye ihambisane nezindlela eziningi zokuqeqesha ngokudala, ukuthi kumelwe siyeke ukudideka ngokudala nomsebenzi wobuciko wobungcweti . Abantu abadala ababona nje kuphela labo abapenda, badansa, baqambe, noma badlale esiteji. Futhi bangabantu, abavela ekilasini, esikhungweni sezempilo, enkampanini, noma emndenini, abafuna izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nezingxabano, bathuthukise izinqubo, noma banikeze incazelo kulokho abakwenzayo.
Ukudala kuzibonakalisa lapho umuntu ethola ikhambi elingalindelekile lenkinga yansuku zonke , lapho ehlela kabusha isikhathi sakhe ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, lapho eguqula ubunzima bube yithuba, noma lapho eletha izinguquko ezincane ezithuthukisa ukuhlala ndawonye. Empilweni yethu yomuntu siqu, sikhuluma ngokudala lapho sicabanga kabusha ngezinhlelo zokuphila, sichaza kabusha ubudlelwano, noma sicabanga ngekusasa elingenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zenhlekelele noma zokuguquka.
Kusukela kwisayensi yezengqondo yokudala, umqondo "wokudala okuguqulayo ," owasungulwa ababhali abanjengoJames C. Kaufman, uphakanyiswe ukuthi ubhekisele emandleni angakhiqizi nje kuphela imikhiqizo emisha kodwa futhi nezinzuzo ezinkulu kumuntu ngamunye kanye nendawo akuyo. Lezi zinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukuzibona okuthuthukisiwe, izinqubo zokuphulukiswa ngokomzwelo, ukuxhumana okukhulu komphakathi, isifiso sokulingana, kanye nethuba lokushiya ifa elinenjongo. Le ndlela ihambisana kahle nokusetshenziswa kobuciko ezimweni zokuqeqesha kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu.
Ngale ndlela, abanye abacwaningi abanjengoSareh Karami baveze ukuthi, sibhekene nokuthuthuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, sidinga ubuhlakani obuhlanganiswe nokuhlakanipha kunanini ngaphambili . Akwanele ukufundisa amasu okukhiqiza imibono; sidinga ukuqeqesha abantu abakwazi ukucabangela umthelela wokuziphatha, wezenhlalo, kanye nowemvelo wezinto abazidalile. Umongo wezenhlalo, njengoba uVlad Glaveanu esikhumbuza, ubalulekile ekubumbeni ukuze kukhiqizwe amathuba "amahle" ngempela kubantu, emphakathini, kanye nasemhlabeni.
Ngokwabo, izifundo zika-Aleksandra Zielińska ngokuzilawula kanye nempumelelo yokudala, kanye nomsebenzi kaTakeshi Okada wokuthi ukuxhumana okujulile nomsebenzi wobuciko kuvuselela kanjani umcabango wokuqala, kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ubuciko buyachuma ngokuhlanganiswa kokunaka, ukuphathwa kwemizwa yangaphakathi, kanye nengxoxo nendawo ezungezile. U-Izabela Lebuda uphinde wabonisa ithonya elikhulu lemidiya ekudaleni komuntu ngamunye kanye nokweqembu, eqokomisa amandla okusetshenziswa okungenamsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwale midiya ukwandisa ukuzethemba kwabantu emandleni abo okudala.
Ubuciko njengendlela eya ekuzazini ngokomzwelo
Ngale kwendawo yesikhungo, ubuciko buhlanganiswe kakhulu nezinqubo zokuqeqesha, izindlela zokwelapha ezimfushane, kanye nemihlangano yokuziqaphela . Ochwepheshe abaningi bathole ukuthi uma amagama enganele ukuveza "ifindo" langaphakathi, ukudala isithombe, isenzo, noma ingxenye encane yobuciko kusiza ukuyivula kancane kancane. Akunandaba ukuthi umdwebo "awumuhle" noma ukuthi inqubo ayilungile; okubalulekile ubuqotho balokho okuvezwayo.
Inqubo yokuzitholela ivame ukuchazwa njengohambo lwangaphakathi oluqhubekayo , njengomsebenzi wobuciko ongaqediwe. Yonke into eyenzekile, zonke izinqumo, kanye nayo yonke imizwa yenezela izendlalelo ezintsha zombala, ukuthungwa, kanye nencazelo kule ndwangu yomuntu siqu. Kulo mongo, imisebenzi yobuciko—ukudweba, ukupenda, ukudansa, ukuqopha, ukubhala—iba amathuluzi okuhlola umhlaba wangaphakathi ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle kwemingcele yokwahlulela kwangaphandle.
Kwabantu abadala abaningi, ukuthola kabusha leso sici sokudala kusho nokuxhumana kabusha nengane yabo yangaphakathi . Imisebenzi yezandla, ukwenza ama-doodling, ukudlala okungokomfanekiso, kanye nomdanso ozenzakalelayo kwakuyingxenye enkulu yobuntwana, kodwa kuvame ukushiywa eceleni yingcindezi yokukhiqiza imiphumela "ephelele" empilweni yabantu abadala. Ubuciko, obuqondwa njengendawo ephephile, busenza sibuyele kulokho kuzimela, sihlakulele ukuqaphela, futhi sijabulele uhlobo lokuzijabulisa oluzondla kokubili ingqondo nemizwa.
Ulimi lobuciko lube seluba yindlela yokuveza izifiso, ukwesaba, okulindelwe, kanye nemizwa ejulile . Ngezinye izikhathi, umsebenzi uhlala uyimfihlo eyimfihlo, uhlobo lwedayari ebonakalayo eqondwa kuphela ngumdali wawo. Kwezinye izimo, usebenza njengebhuloho lokwabelana nabanye ngento okungaba nzima ukuyichaza ngamazwi. Kunoma ikuphi, ukubaluleka kobuciko kulo mongo akuxhomekile ekuqashelweni kwabo emphakathini, kodwa emandleni abo okuletha ukucaca, impumuzo, kanye nencazelo kokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo.
Izinqubo eziningi zokuqeqesha ngokudala zigcizelela nendima yobuciko njengesiphephelo senhlalakahle, isivikelo, ubuhle, kanye nokuzinakekela . Ngokunikela ngesikhathi ekudaleni ngaphandle kwezidingo zangaphandle, abantu bahlakulela ubuhlobo obuhle nabo, banciphise ukucindezeleka, futhi baqinise umuzwa wabo wokuzikhethela: bathola ukuthi bangashintsha imizwa yabo ibe yinto ebonakalayo futhi elawulekayo, evame ukudala umuzwa ojulile wokunika amandla.
Izinzuzo ezisebenzayo zobuciko empilweni yansuku zonke neyobungcweti
Lonke leli nethiwekhi lemibono nocwaningo linemiphumela ecacile empilweni yansuku zonke. Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, ukuxhumana njalo nobuciko—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdali, umbukeli, noma kokubili—kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sengqondo esithuthukisiwe, inhlalakahle enkulu yomuntu siqu, kanye nomuzwa ojulile wenjongo . Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisile ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yobuciko kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo futhi kuqinisa izinsiza zangaphakathi zokubhekana nezimo ezinzima.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bemizwa kanye nobuciko ngokusebenzisa ubuciko kungathuthukisa amakhono afana nokubambisana, uzwela, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano . Ukusebenza ngezingathekiso ezibonakalayo , izigcawu zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, noma izivivinyo zokuqanjwa kweqembu kusiza umuntu ukuba azibeke esimweni somunye, andise umbono wakhe, futhi ahlole izixazululo lapho ngaphambili kwakubonwa khona izithiyo kuphela.
Othisha nabenzi bezinqubomgomo baqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukuqinisa nje okuqukethwe kwezemfundo yendabuko akwanele. Njengoba bebhekene nezinselele zekhulu lama-21—kusukela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuya ekuguqukeni komnotho— izakhamuzi ezikwazi ukucabanga ngokudala kanye nokulawula imizwa kubalulekile . Ukwethula ubuciko njengesihloko esihlanganisa yonke indawo emfundweni nasekufundeni kwabantu abadala kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlakulela la makhono ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkulumo engacacile.
Ezimweni zokuqeqesha kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu, ukuhlanganisa izivivinyo zobuciko—njengokuhumusha kabusha inkinga nge-collage, ukumelela imizwa ngemibala kanye nezimo, noma ukudala i-triptych ekhombisa inselelo yangaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kwayo—kunikeza izakhiwo ezilula kodwa ezinamandla . Le misebenzi isiza abantu ukuthi babone isimo sabo ngombono wangaphandle, babone amaphethini, futhi baphinde babuyekeze ngengqondo izinguquko ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
Okokugcina, akumelwe sikhohlwe ingxenye yezenhlalo namasiko yale ndlela yonke. Izindawo ezifana neBotín Centre, kanye namaphrojekthi amaningi obuciko bomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokudala ezindaweni zemfundo, ezempilo, kanye nebhizinisi, zibonisa ukuthi ubuciko bungaba umshayeli wangempela wokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nobumbano lomphakathi . Ngokukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo, ingxoxo, kanye nokudala ngokubambisana, amanethiwekhi okusekela ayakhiwa futhi umuzwa wokuba yingxenye uyaqiniswa—into eyigugu kakhulu ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki nokuhlukana.
Uma kubhekwa konke, ukuhlangana kocwaningo lwesayensi, izinhlelo zemfundo, imikhuba yokuqeqesha, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kobuciko kukhombisa ukuthi unxantathu owakhiwe ubuciko, imizwa, kanye nobuciko akuyona into edlulayo, kodwa indlela eqinile yokukhuthaza intuthuko yabantu. Ukuqonda ukuthi imizwa ikhuthaza kanjani ubuciko, ukusebenzisa ubuciko ukuhlakulela ubuhlakani bemizwa, kanye nokuqaphela ubuciko njengekhono elikhona kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kuvula indawo evundile yokwakha imiphakathi ehlakaniphile, enozwela kakhulu, futhi emisha kakhulu.
