Ku imininingwane yobudala, ukuxhumana sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, ngoba kulezi zikhathi yonke into esisebenzisana nayo isiphenduke imbulunga yonke, futhi ukuxhumana ngokungangabazeki kungenye yazo. Ukushintshisana kolwazi lombhalo namuhla kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezahlukene, njengemiyalezo yombhalo, ama-imeyili kanye nokuthunyelwe kwezokuxhumana. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwethu ku-inthanethi. Futhi kulapho isihloko sanamuhla singena khona.
I-Unicode yathuthukiswa ngenxa yenselelo evezwa izinhlelo eziningi zokubhala nezinhlobonhlobo zezilimi ngokumelela izinhlamvu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umhlaba wezinhlamvu ze-Unicode, okuhlanganisa nesistimu yazo yombhalo wekhodi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezinselelo. Uyalokotha ubone ukuthi imayelana nani?
Yini i-Unicode?
Izinga lolwazi elaziwa ngokuthi Unicode inikeza imephu eyodwa yokumela, ukubhala ngekhodi, kanye nokukhohlisa imibhalo evela kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokubhala ezikhona emhlabeni. I-Unicode ivumela izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlamvu ukuthi zifakwe, okuhlanganisa izinhlamvu, izimpawu, ama-emoji, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile, ngokungafani nezinhlelo zombhalo zekhodi ezindala njenge ASCII, okungamela inani elincane kuphela lezinhlamvu.
Lolu hlelo lwamakhodi inika umlingiswa ngamunye inombolo ehlukile eyaziwa ngokuthi "iphoyinti lekhodi". Lawa maphoyinti ekhodi ngokuvamile anezethulo ze-hexadecimal. Izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-143.000 zingamelwa kusetshenziswa lolu hlu olubanzi lwamaphoyinti ombhalo wekhodi ezingeni lakamuva le-Unicode.
Izinhlamvu ze-Unicode zifaka phakathi izinhlobonhlobo zemibhalo, njengesiLatini nesiGreki, kanye nesiShayina, isi-Arabhu, isiCyrillic nezinye eziningi. Ngokungeziwe ezinhlamvu ze-alphanumeric, kuphinda kubandakanye izimpawu zezibalo, imali, izimpawu zokuloba, nezinhlamvu ezihlukile ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nomculo, isiginci, nolimi.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo ze-Unicode
- Ukusiza ekushintshisaneni kwedatha: Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Unicode yi ikhono layo lokusiza ukushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwamasistimu ekhompyutha ahlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa i-Unicode njengezinga elijwayelekile, abathuthukisi bayakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlamvu ze-idiomatic ezihlukene ziboniswa ngendlela efanele kumapulatifomu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezilimi nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke: I-Unicode idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubuliminingi kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ngenxa yokuthi ivumela ukumelwa kwezinhlelo zokubhala ezihlukahlukene, nayo ikhuthaza ukufakwa kwezilimi nokufinyeleleka enkathini yedijithali. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamazwe ngamazwe lapho ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kudinga izingxenye zezilimi eziningi.
- Ukusekelwa kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile nezimpawu: Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, i-Unicode ibalulekile ekusekelweni kwezinhlamvu nezimpawu ezihlukile ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ekhethekile njengezibalo, umculo, isayensi, nobuchwepheshe. Ngalolu hlelo lokubhala amakhodi, kulula ukufinyelela izinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile., okuvumela isisho esinembe kakhudlwana nesinemininingwane emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Ama-Word processors kanye nabahleli bekhodi
Iningi lamaphrosesa asetshenziswa kakhulu amagama nabahleli bekhodi, njenge-Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Sublime Text, kanye ne-Visual Studio Code, zonke zisekela i-Unicode. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babhale futhi bahlele umbhalo ngezilimi eziningi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuboniswa okunembile nokuhlelwa kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile nezimpawu.
Futhi hhayi lokho kuphela, i-Unicode idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwewebhu namafonti. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi ulimi noma umbhalo osetshenzisiwe, abaklami bangasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlamvu ngenxa yezinsiza zewebhu ezisuselwe kukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) inikeza indlela yokulungisa ukwethulwa kwezinhlamvu ze-Unicode., okunikeza ukuguquguquka ngokwesitayela nokuklama.
Izinselele
Yize i-Unicode inokumelwa kwezinhlamvu ezithuthuke kakhulu, kusenezinselelo okufanele uzinqobe. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwe-Unicode kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuntuleka kokuhambisana nalesi simiso kungabangela izinkinga ngokukhohliswa nokuboniswa kombhalo ezisekelweni ezahlukene.
Ikusasa le-Unicode liqhakazile. Njengoba ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi kukhula futhi kwahlukahluka, isidingo sokumelwa okunembile nokujwayelekile kombhalo siba sicindezela kakhulu. Lolu hlelo olusha luzoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa ukuze lufake abalingisi abasha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo eziguqukayo zokuxhumana namazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuphetha, Izinhlamvu ze-Unicode ziyishintshe ngokuphelele indlela esimela ngayo nesihlanganyela ngayo umbhalo emhlabeni wedijithali. Ngenxa yochungechunge lwayo olubanzi lwezinhlamvu kanye nohlelo lwayo lokubhala ngekhodi oluhlukile, sekuvule indlela yokufinyeleleka kwemibhalo, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nobuliminingi. Nakuba kusenezinselelo okufanele zinqotshwe, ikusasa lalolu hlelo liqhakazile futhi lithembisa ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokubandakanyayo.
Ungafunda kuphi kabanzi mayelana nalaba balingisi
Uma ungathanda ukufunda ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani izinhlamvu ze-Unicode futhi uzisebenzise ngokugcwele i-repertoire yazo enkulu, kunezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa eziku-inthanethi ezingakusiza endleleni yakho yokuqonda kabanzi leli thuluzi elinamandla. Nazi ezinye izindawo lapho ungathola khona ulwazi oluwusizo nezifundiso ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu ze-Unicode:
- unicode.org: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Unicode iyinsiza enhle yolwazi ngezisekelo zezinga, okuhlanganisa umlando wayo, ukwakheka kombhalo wekhodi, nezibuyekezo zakamuva.
- FileFormat.info: Le webhusayithi inikezela ngezinsiza eziningi ezihlobene ne-Unicode, okuhlanganisa uhlu oluningiliziwe lwezinhlamvu ze-Unicode, amathebula ombhalo wekhodi, namathuluzi awusizo okukhohlisa nokubonisa izinhlamvu.
- share.com: I-Compart yiwebhusayithi ezinikele ekubhaleni ngezilimi eziningi kanye ne-typography. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene ne-Unicode, njengelabhulali yamafonti e-Unicode, ulwazi olumayelana nendlela abalingisi abamelelwa ngayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezihlukene, namathiphu okusebenza nezinhlamvu ezihlukile.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngemva kwalesi sihloko ukwazile ukwazisa ukuthi lolu hlelo olusha lokufaka amakhodi luhlanganisa inani elikhulu lamathuba mayelana nokumelela umbhalo kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Gxumela kulo mhlaba bese uqala ukusebenzisa ithuba lokuhlukahluka kwemibhalo enikezwa yi-Unicode!